Utility of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopy in diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma and its complications: What does endoscopic ultrasonography offer above and beyond conventional cross-sectional imaging?  

作　　者：Mohit Girotra Kaartik Soota Amaninder S Dhaliwal Rtika R Abraham Mauricio Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia Benjamin Tharian 

机构地区：[1]Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine [2]Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa School of Medicine [3]Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska School of Medicine [4]Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine [5]Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences [6]Division of Gastroenterology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

出　　处：《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy》2018年第2期56-68,共13页世界胃肠内镜杂志（英文版）（电子版）

摘　　要：Hepatocellular carcinoma constitutes over 90% of the primary liver tumors, the rest being cholangiocarcinoma. It has an insidious presentation, which is responsible for the delayed presentation. Hence, the management strategy relies on screening to diagnose it an early stage for curative resection and/or treatment with local ablative techniques or chemotherapy. However, even with different screening programs, more than 60% of tumors are still detected at an advanced stage, leading to an unchanged mortality rate, thereby implying a room for improvement in the screening and diagnostic process. In the last few years, there has been evolution of utility of endoscopy, specifically endoscopic ultrasonography along with Fine needle aspiration, for this purpose, which we comprehensively review in this article.Hepatocellular carcinoma constitutes over 90% of the primary liver tumors, the rest being cholangiocarcinoma. It has an insidious presentation, which is responsible for the delayed presentation. Hence, the management strategy relies on screening to diagnose it an early stage for curative resection and/or treatment with local ablative techniques or chemotherapy. However, even with different screening programs, more than 60% of tumors are still detected at an advanced stage, leading to an unchanged mortality rate, thereby implying a room for improvement in the screening and diagnostic process. In the last few years, there has been evolution of utility of endoscopy, specifically endoscopic ultrasonography along with Fine needle aspiration, for this purpose, which we comprehensively review in this article.

关 键 词：Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver Cancer Fine needle ASPIRATION ENDOSCOPY ENDOSCOPIC ultrasound ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY STAGING Management Treatment 

分 类 号：R[医药卫生]