能量供应与能量利用——不同运动水平男子皮艇运动员测功仪1000m模拟比赛的能力差异  

Energy Contribution and Energy Utilization-performance Difference in Simulated 1 000 m Racing on Ergometer with Male Kayakers of Different Levels

作　　者：黎涌明[1] 申霖 LI Yong-ming;SHEN Lin(Shanghai Sports Institute,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438 [2]广东第二师范学院体育学院,广州510303

出　　处：《体育学研究》2018年第3期79-86,共8页Journal of Sports Research

摘　　要：目的 :动作和能量代谢是认识和理解人体运动的两个视角,这两个视角分别涉及人体运动的能量利用和能量供应能力。本研究旨在从能量供应和能量利用两个角度探究不同运动水平男子皮艇运动员在测功仪1 000m模拟比赛中的能力差异。方法 :选取了不同运动水平的两组男子皮艇运动员(高水平组:N=9,21±3yrs,189±3cm,84±6kg,训练年限5.3±2.0yrs;低水平组:N=12,16±1yrs,184±6cm,74±7kg,训练年限1.1±0.4yrs)进行测功仪1 000m的模拟比赛划(持续时间4min)。基于运动过程中的摄氧量、血乳酸和测功仪运动学数据,计算模拟比赛划过程中的代谢总供能和测功仪总做功,并求得模拟比赛划的效率(=100%×测功仪总做功/代谢净总供能)。结果高水平组在模拟比赛划中能够代谢产生更多的能量(426.2±46.6 kJ vs. 361.6±42.6 kJ,P<0.05),能够对外做出更多的功(52±5kJ vs. 36±4kJ,P<0.05),也能够更好地利用能量(效率:12.2±0.9%vs. 9.9±0.8%, P<0.05)。结论 :能量供应和能量利用是男子皮艇运动员不同运动能力差异的重要特征,皮艇运动员从低水平向高水平的发展可从这两个角度给予重点考虑。Purpose:Human exercises could be understood from the perspectives of movement and energy metabolism,with the fore related to energy utilization and the after related to energy production.The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between male kayakers of two performance levels from the aspects of energy contribution and energy utilization.Methods:Two groups of male kayakers(Highlevel group:N=9,21±3yrs,189±3cm,84±6kg,5.3±2.0yrs of training experience;Low-level group:N=12,16±1yrs,184±6cm,74±7kg,1.1±0.4yrs of training experience)volunteered to participate in one simulated 1000m racing on the kayak ergometer,with the duration of 4min.The net total metabolic energy,work output on ergometer,and the net efficiency(=100%×work output on ergometer/net total metabolic energy)during the 4min were calculated based on the oxygen uptake,blood lactate and the ergometric values.Results:The results demonstrated higher metabolic energy contribution(426.2±46.6 kJ vs.361.6±42.6 kJ,P<0.05),higher ergometric work output(52±5kJ vs.36±4kJ,P<0.05),as well as better utilization of energy(higher net efficiency:12.2±0.9%vs.9.9±0.8%,P<0.05)in highlevel group.Conclusion:The findings from this study described the differences of energy contribution and energy utilization in male kayakers of different performance levels,and provided a biological basis for the development of kayakers from low level to high level.

关 键 词：摄氧量 血乳酸 测功仪 效率 

分 类 号：G861[文化科学—体育训练]