北京大中型沼气工程冬季运行状况及发酵前后物料理化生物特性  

Running status of large and medium scale biogas project and physical, chemical and biological characteristics of materials before and after fermentation in winter of Beijing

作　　者：丁京涛 张朋月 华冠林 孟海波 沈玉君 Ding Jingtao;Zhang Pengyue;Hua Guanlin;Meng Haibo;Shen Yujun(Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning&Design,Beijing 100125,China;Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,北京100125 [2]农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式综合性重点实验室,北京100125

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第23期213-220,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801401)

摘　　要：为了解北京市大中型沼气工程冬季运行情况及发酵剩余物理化特性,该文实地调查了北京市29座沼气工程冬季运行情况,以调研问卷的形式了解沼气工程运行状况,并采样分析了发酵原料、沼渣和沼液样品的养分含量、粪大肠菌群数、铜、锌、砷、铅等指标。结果表明:北京29座冬季运行的沼气工程中主要以畜禽粪便为原料,其中有20座沼气工程采用猪粪进行厌氧发酵,厌氧消化反应器类型主要是全混式厌氧反应器和升流式厌氧固体反应器,沼气以供周边农户使用为主,沼渣和沼液以农田利用为主,从区域沼气工程运行状况来看,房山区的沼气工程运行状况相对较好,大兴区和顺义区的沼气工程运行状况参差不齐;所调研沼气工程沼渣和沼液的pH值适宜向农田施用,沼渣的EC值相对原料平均下降了56.97%,沼渣有机质和可挥发性固体的质量分数相对原料分别降低了20.99%和27.93%,沼渣的养分质量分数较高,沼液的养分质量浓度较低,沼渣中的粪大肠菌群数和沼液的化学需氧量、粪大肠菌群数整体偏高,有6座沼气工程的砷含量较高。调查结果可为北京市沼气工程冬季运行效果及沼渣沼液资源化利用提供基础数据,促进北京市沼气工程的可持续发展,提高生态和经济效益。To explore the existing problems of biogas projects operating condition and properties of digestate in winter of Beijing,a field investigation on utilization of fermentation raw material,biogas,residue and slurry of 29 biogas projects were carried out in Beijing.Meanwhile,the operating conditions of biogas projects were also investigated.The samples of raw material,biogas residue and slurry were collected and their physicochemical properties such as nutrient content,number of fecal coliforms,heavy metal content were analyzed.Results showed that livestock and poultry manure were the anaerobic fermentation raw materials of the 29 biogas projects in winter.Continuous stirred tank reactor(CSTR)and upflow solid reactor(USR)were the mainly anaerobic fermentation process.The produced biogas was mainly used as production and living energy for the surrounding farmers.Biogas residue and biogas slurry were used as manure for the farmland round the projects.Only 4 biogas projects produced organic manure for sale using biogas residues.The pH values of biogas residue and biogas slurry were in the range of 6.83-8.41 and 7.01-8.05,respectively.EC value of biogas residue(3.44 mS/cm)increased obviously comparing with EC value of raw material(1.48 mS/cm).With the fermentation process,the average mass fractions of organic and volatile solids in solid components of biogas projects decreased from 57.31%and 71.61%to 45.28%and 51.61%,respectively.The decreasing amplitudes were 20.99%and 27.93%,respectively.The chemical oxygen demand(COD)concentration of biogas slurry ranged from 2 549.21 to 26 815.81 mg/L.The average mass fractions of total nutrients in biogas residue were 7.23%,comparing with the total nutrients content of biogas slurry(4.20 g/L),which indicating better nutrition of the biogas residue.The contents of cuprum(Cu),zinc(Zn),arsenic(As)and plumbum(Pb)in biogas residue were also detected.The contents of As in 6 biogas projects exceeded the fertilizer standards for farmland.The number of fecal coliforms in biogas residue and

关 键 词：沼气 发酵 粪 聚类分析 运行情况 沼渣 沼液 理化特性 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]