分享还是不分享:社会困境视角下知识分享  

To share or not to share: Knowledge sharing in a social dilemma perspective

作　　者：陆欣欣[1] 涂乙冬[2] LU Xinxin;TU Yidong(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Economics and Management School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动与人事学院,北京100872 [2]武汉大学经济与管理学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2018年第11期2057-2067,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71402127;71872139);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJC630164);武汉大学自主科研项目(人文社会科学)研究成果;"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"资助

摘　　要：知识分享是一种典型的公共物品社会困境,个体在组织内部面临着分享知识或不分享知识的博弈。但是,目前从社会困境理论分析"知识分享困境"特征、应对策略及解决机理的研究仍然缺乏。针对这一问题,从社会困境理论出发,分析了知识分享社会困境的内涵和表现形式。同时,结合社会困境对策的研究,划分了应对知识分享社会困境的战略性对策、结构性对策和动机性对策。在此基础上,归纳和总结了促进知识分享的相关实践,并阐述这些实践促进知识分享的内在机理。最后,在理论分析和对策总结的基础上,为未来知识分享研究提供了研究启示。Knowledge sharing is typical public goods social dilemma,employees in organizations have to face to the cooperative game of knowledge sharing.However,there is still a dearth of research analyzing the characteristics,solutions,and the underlying mechanisms of social dilemma of knowledge sharing.To address the problem,relying on social dilemma theory,we intend to illustrate connotations and manifestations of the social dilemma inherent in knowledge sharing.Meanwhile,combining with research on social dilemma and knowledge sharing,we propose and classify three tactics to social dilemma of knowledge sharing,including strategic tactics,structural tactics and motivational tactics.We further integrate extant practices for facilitating knowledge sharing and clarify the underlying mechanisms by which they can help solve social dilemma of knowledge sharing.Finally,based on the theoretical analysis and literature review,we provide both theoretical and methodological implications for future research on social dilemma of knowledge sharing.

关 键 词：知识分享 社会困境 战略性对策 结构性对策 动机性对策 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]