不同侵染时期对小麦赤霉病发生和籽粒中DON积累的影响  

Effect of inoculation timing on Fusarium head blight and theaccumulation of deoxynivalenol in winter wheat

作　　者：徐飞[1] 宋玉立[1] 王俊美[1] 韩自行[1] 赵凯 李丽娟 张姣姣[1] 刘露露[1] 李亚红[1] XU Fei;SONG Yuli;WANG Junmei;HAN Zihang;ZHAO Kai;LI Lijuan;ZHANG Jiaojiao;LIU Lulu;LI Yahong(Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in the Southern Part of North China,Ministry of Agriculture,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业部华北南部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《植物保护》2018年第6期129-135,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303016);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201700);河南省小麦产业技术体系建设专项(S2010-01-05)。

摘　　要：为明确不同侵染时期对小麦赤霉病发生和籽粒中DON的积累情况,在2015年和2016年于河南省焦作市温县黄庄镇西虢村田间进行小麦(‘豫保1号’和‘周麦18’)不同生育期接种对病穗率、病情指数、病粒率和籽粒中DON毒素积累的影响试验。结果表明:小麦赤霉病菌在抽穗盛期(DAA=-6,Zadoks=55～57)至灌浆中期(DAA=14或15,Zadoks=75)都能侵染麦穗,但在始花期前3～4 d的齐穗期(DAA=-3或-4,Zadoks=59)至始花期后4 d的灌浆初期(DAA=4,Zadoks=71)处理的病穗率、病情指数和病粒率显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),其中盛花末期(DAA=1,Zadoks=69)处理的侵染率最高,为小麦赤霉病菌侵染发病的关键生育期。此外,在套袋保湿2 d的条件下赤霉病菌在小麦始花期前6 d的抽穗盛期(DAA=-6,Zadoks=55～57)和始花期后10 d的乳熟期(DAA=10,Zadoks=73)也能有较高的侵染率。在籽粒中DON积累方面,‘豫保1号’所有处理的籽粒中DON含量与病穗率、病情指数和病粒率的趋势一致,都是盛花末期(DAA=1,Zadoks=69)处理的籽粒中DON含量最高(P<0.05),且间隔时间离盛花末期(Zadoks=69)越近籽粒中DON含量越高;而‘周麦18’齐穗期(DAA=-4,Zadoks=59)至灌浆中期(DAA=14,Zadoks=75)处理的没有显著性差异,说明小麦赤霉病菌在始花期后14 d的灌浆中期侵染也能引起籽粒中DON的大量积累。In order to clarify the effect of the different inoculation timing on Fusarium head blight(FHB)and mycotoxin accumulation in wheat,field experiments were conducted in Wen County of Henan Province in 2015 and 2016.Treatments consisted of different inoculation timings,including early heading stage(DAA=-6,Zadoks=55-57),heading stage(DAA=-3 or-4,Zadoks=59),heading stage(DAA=-1 or-2,Zadoks=59),early anthesis stage(DAA=0,Zadoks=61),late anthesis stage(DAA=1,Zadoks=67-69),early filling stage(DAA=4,Zadoks=71),milking stage(DAA=9 or 10,Zadoks=73)and mid-filling stage(DAA=14 or 15,Zadoks=75).The results indicated that Fusarium graminearum could infect wheat head during early heading stage(DAA=-6,Zadoks=55-57)to mid-filling stage(DAA=14 or 15,Zadoks=75).The FHB incidence,FHB disease index and percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels from the heading stage(DAA=-3 or-4,Zadoks=59)to early filling stage(DAA=4,Zadoks=71)were significant higher than the other treatment(P<0.05).Among them,the highest infection rate was at the late anthesis stage(DAA=1,Zadoks=69),which was the key stage of infection.In addition,the infection rate of F.graminearum was also higher at early heading stage(DAA=-6,Zadoks=55-57)and the milking stage(DAA=9 or 10;Zadoks=73)under humid condition.The closer time from late anthesis stage(DAA=1 or 3,Zadoks=69)was,the higher FHB incidence,FHB disease index and percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels were.The trend of the DON content was consistent with the FHB incidence,FHB disease index and percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels from the heading stage(DAA=-3 or-4,Zadoks=59)to early filling stage(DAA=4,Zadoks=71)in‘Yubao 1’,but there was no significant difference in DON content during heading stage(DAA=-4,Zadoks=59)to mid-filling stage(DAA=14,Zadoks=75)in‘Zhoumai 18’.Therefore,the infection of Fusarium graminearum during the middle and late filling stage of wheat cultivar‘Zhoumai 18’could also cause the great accumulation of DON in grains.

关 键 词：小麦 赤霉病 侵染时期 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 

分 类 号：S435.121.45[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]