合浦珠母贝幼虫培育的饵料优化研究  

Optimization of Species,Density and Combination of Microalgae as Food for Larval Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata

作　　者：邓正华[1] 陈明强[1] 王雨[1] 黄桂菊[1] 于刚[1] 吴开畅[1] 李有宁[1] DENG Zhenghua;CHEN Mingqiang;WANG Yu;HUANG Guiju;YU Gang;WU Kaichang;LI Youning(Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《水产科学》2018年第6期721-727,共7页Fisheries Science

基　　金：广东省渔港建设和渔业发展专项海洋渔业科技推广方向珍珠类项目(B201601-Z02);广东省海洋渔业科技与产业发展专项珍珠产业发展项目(Z2014003);海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2016086,ZDYF2017037).

摘　　要：设计并进行3个试验,研究培育合浦珠母贝幼虫的最佳饵料:(1)在10个500mL的烧杯中,分别加入密度为105个/mL的绿藻门、金藻门和硅藻门的10种单胞藻液400mL和饥饿的幼虫(5个/mL),摄食1h后,在显微镜下观察幼虫对单胞藻的摄食和消化;(2)在育苗池中,给幼虫投喂湛江叉鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻及两种单胞藻以数量比为1∶1的混合藻,每组饵料均设3个平行,观察幼虫的生长与成活;(3)在20L桶中,幼虫密度为5个/mL,分别投喂密度为2×10~3、20×10~3个/mL和40×10~3个/mL的湛江叉鞭金藻,每种密度亦设3个平行,观察幼虫的生长与成活状况。试验结果显示,所有日龄幼虫均能摄食小球藻、微绿球藻、湛江叉鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻和球等鞭金藻,其中幼虫易消化湛江叉鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻和球等鞭金藻,难以消化小球藻和微绿球藻;不摄食亚心形扁藻、三角褐指藻和小新月菱形藻;随着幼虫的生长,部分或极少数幼虫摄食少量的杜氏盐藻和牟氏角毛藻。湛江叉鞭金藻与绿色巴夫藻混合投喂时,幼虫的生长速率和成活率均显著高于两种单胞藻的单独投喂(P<0.05);单胞藻投喂密度过高不利于幼虫的生长和成活。因此,在合浦珠母贝幼虫培育中应以易摄食和消化的湛江叉鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻以及球等鞭金藻作为主要饵料,并进行混合搭配,少量多次投喂。Three feeding trials were conducted to optimize feeding strategy for pearl oyster Pinctada fucata during larva rearing.(1)The pearl oyster larvae were reared in ten 500 mL beakers at a rate of 5 individuals/mL and fed ten species of microalgae at a density of 10 5 cells/mL to 2 days post hatch(dph),8 dph,14 dph,18 dph and 22 dph.The digestion of the algae was observed in the larvae fed for 1 h under a microscope to search for optimal algae during larva rearing.(2)The pearl oyster larvae were reared in a cement tank and fed algae Dicrateria zhanjiangensis,Pavlova viridis,or their mixture(1∶1 in number)with triplication and growth and survival rate were observed to optimize the ratio of suitable algae during larva rearing.(3)The pearl oyster larvae were reared in 20 buckets at a rate of 5 ind/mL and fed alga D.zhanjiangensis at a density of 2×10 3 ind/mL,20×10 3 ind/mL and 40×10 3 ind/mL to optimize the food density during larva rearing.The results showed that Chlorella vulgaris,Nannochloropsis oculata,D.zhanjiangensis,P.viridis and Isochrysis galbana were ingested by the five stages of larvae;D.salina and C.muelleri were ingested only by 18 d old larvae.For other stage larvae,however,only D.zhanjiangensis,P.viridis and I.galbana were digested fully,while C.vulgaris and N.oculata were hardly digested.Platymonas subcordiformis,P.tricornutum and N.clostericm were not ingested at all though it was fed as main food in usual larval culture practice of this animal.There were significantly better growth and higher survival rates in the larvae fed the mixed algae than in the larvae fed the single algal species(P<0.05).The high concentration of algae was detrimental to larval growth and survival.These findings suggested that D.zhanjiangensis,P.viridis and I.galbana be most easily digested and be used as staple foods in the larval culture practice of pearl oyster,feeding in blended less but frequent at an appropriate concentration.

关 键 词：合浦珠母贝 幼虫 单胞藻 投喂策略 

分 类 号：S963.21[农业科学—水产养殖]