棉纤维发育的遗传特性及相关基因的研究进展  

Genetic characteristics and research advances of genes related to cotton fiber development

作　　者：毛玮 曹跃芬 MAO Wei;CAO Yuefen(The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province,School of Agriculture and Food Science,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm,College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学农业与食品科学学院浙江省农产品品质改良技术研究重点实验室,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院浙江省作物种质资源重点实验室,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2018年第6期1155-1165,共11页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31501349);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101417)

摘　　要：棉纤维是纺织工业的重要原材料,在国民经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位。棉纤维细胞发育进程是一个多基因调控的、有序的系统发生过程,包括纤维起始期、伸长期、次生壁合成与加厚期和脱水成熟期等4个时期。随着遗传学、细胞学和分子生物学等学科的交叉融合,棉纤维生长发育调控分子机制的研究已成为研究热点。目前大多研究集中在运用遗传定位、基因克隆以及近年来兴起的深度测序等技术对棉纤维生长发育的调控机制进行解析。为了更加系统地了解棉纤维的发育过程,详细描述了棉纤维发育各时期的形态结构变化及特征,概述了经典遗传学在棉纤维遗传规律和基因定位方面的工作,以及从转录组学、蛋白组学及表观遗传学领域总结了近年来深度测序技术在棉花纤维组学研究方面的运用和取得的进展,并简述了棉纤维发育各个时期所涉及的相关调控基因。纤维的产量由棉纤维发育起始期决定,长度由伸长期决定,且伸长期的生化反应最为活跃,是影响纤维品质的关键时期。棉纤维遗传规律的研究发现,性状相同而基因型不同的材料,其棉纤维遗传模式也不同。纤维品质和产量相关的数量性状位点(QTL)遍布各个染色体,一些稳定的主效QTL(如FS1, qLI17和qFL-Chr14-3等)值得科研工作者进一步关注并有望在分子辅助选择中进行应用;质量性状基因的最新进展明确了显性基因Li1和N2,分别是肌动蛋白编码基因和转录因子MYB25-like。转录组学、蛋白组学及表观遗传学领域三方位的深度测序有效建立了RNA水平和蛋白质水平、编码区域和非编码序列之间的联系,并发现一系列的转录因子、编码转脂蛋白的基因、钙信号转导相关基因、多糖合成相关蛋白、大量的miRNA以及DNA甲基化作用等共同参与棉纤维发育过程。Cotton fiber is a major raw textile material which plays an essential role in the national economic development.The developmental process of cotton fiber cell is an orderly and systematically multi-gene controlled process including the fiber initiation,elongation,secondary wall thickening and the finally maturation process.With highly integrated studies of genetics,cytology and molecular biology,the molecular mechanisms of cotton fiber growth have become a popular focus both abroad and domestically.Most of the research is on the genetic mapping,gene cloning and high throughout sequencing areas in recent years.In order to systematically understand the development of cotton fibers,this paper summarized the morphological changes and characteristics during cotton fiber development and the classical genetics mapping research on the cotton fiber related genes,and took an overview of the application and progress of deep sequencing technology in cotton fiber development from transcriptome,proteomics and epigenetics field,and untangled the related genes in different periods of cotton fiber development.The previous studies had proved that the fiber yield was determined by the initial stage of cotton fiber development;the fiber length was determined by the elongation stage which was the most active period of biochemical reaction and critical to the fiber quality.The studies of the genetic law of cotton fiber showed that the genetic patterns of the same fiber-trait cotton differed in diverse genotypes.Quantitative trait loci(QTL)related to fiber quality and yield were distributed in the whole cotton genome.Some stable major QTL(such as FS1,qLI17 and qFL-Chr14-3)deserved further attention from researchers and were expected to be used in molecular aided selection application.Recent advances in the quality trait genes had clarified that Ligon lintless-1(Li1)mutant was an acting gene,and the N1 was a transcription factor named as MYB25-like.The deep sequencing in the fields of transcriptomics,proteomics and epigenetics effective

关 键 词：植物遗传学 棉花 纤维发育 基因组学 蛋白组学 表观遗传学 功能基因 综述 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S718.46