空心莲子草叶甲释放量对空心莲子草防控效果的研究  

The Effect of Agasicles hygrophila Release on the Control of Alternanthera philoxeroides

作　　者：宋振[1] 张瑞海[1] 张国良[1] 余文畅 熊佳林 王然 黄成成[1] 付卫东[1] SONG Zhen;ZHANG Ruihai;ZHANG Guoliang;YU Wenchang;XIONG Jialin;WANG Ran;HUANG Chengcheng;FU Weidong(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China;Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station of Yichang,Hubei 443005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]湖北省宜昌市农业生态与资源保护站,湖北宜昌443005

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第11期2033-2038,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1201203);国家自然科学基金项目(41501280)

摘　　要：空心莲子草(Alternantheraphiloxeroides)是一种多年生的全球性恶性杂草,破坏入侵地生物多样性,给航运及水产养殖业带来巨大损失。利用生物防治可以有效控制空心莲子草(Alternantheraphiloxeroides)的扩散蔓延,是国内外的研究热点之一。空心莲子草叶甲(Agasicles hygrophila)是从美国引入的专食性天敌昆虫,对空心莲子草有很好的防治效果,且具有生态环保性良好、投入低、防效长等特点。天敌昆虫的释放量可显著影响防控效果,有关其最佳释放量的研究对实际应用具有重要指导意义。依托空心莲子草天敌工厂,采用环境条件控制试验,对空心莲子草的种群密度、植株形态、叶绿素含量、生物量等生物学和生理生化指标进行测定,结合对各种条件下空心莲子草叶甲种群数量的分析,研究了不同天敌释放量(0～8对·m-2)对空心莲子草的防治效果。结果表明,在初始种群密度为40 stems·m-2条件下,随着释放量的增加,空心莲子草叶甲成虫和羽化孔的数量均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,而卵、各龄幼虫、蛹的数量变化规律各不相同;空心莲子草的茎密度、生物量(湿质量、干质量)均随天敌释放量增加而逐渐降低,而节间距、茎直径等形态指标则呈现先降低后增加的趋势。研究结果显示,释放4对空心莲子草叶甲可达到最佳防治效果。在此释放量下,空心莲子草叶甲羽化孔数量和成虫数量均达到最高,空心莲子草种群密度最低,测得的节间距和茎直径最短,叶片中叶绿素含量较低,生物量最少。进一步分析表明,该释放量既能保证空心莲子草叶甲的稳定繁育和数量增加,又可获得对空心莲子草最佳的取食和控制效果,具有成本低、效率高的特点。试验结果可为进一步优化空心莲子草叶甲的繁育和释放技术提供理论依据。Alternanthera philoxeroides is a perennial invasive weed,which destroys the biodiversity of invasive areas and brings great losses to shipping and aquaculture.Biological control is an effective way to control the spread of Alternanthera philoxeroides,which has become one of the research hotspots in this area both at home and abroad.Agasicles hygrophila is a natural enemy insect introduced from the United States.It has good control effect on A.philoxeroides,and has the characteristics of good ecological environment protection,low investment and long control effect.The release technology of natural enemy insects has a significant impact on the control effect,and is of important guiding significance for practical application.In this study,control effect of different natural enemy release methods(0~8 pairs·m-2)on A.philoxeroides were analyzed.The population density,plant morphology,chlorophyll content,biomass,and other biological and biochemical indices were determined through an environmental control test in a breeding plant of A.hygrophila,and the population amount of A.hygrophila under different conditions was also tested.The results showed that,under the initial density of 40 stems·m-2 of A.philoxeroides,the numbers of adults and emergence holes increased first and then decreased with the increase of the release,while the numbers of eggs,larvae,and pupae varied in different ways.Stem density and biomass(wet weight and dry weight)of A.philoxeroides decreased gradually with the increase of natural enemy release,while the morphological parameters such as internode length and stem diameter decreased first and then increased with the increase of natural enemy release.It indicated that the release of 4 pairs of A.hygrophila could achieve the best control effect in this controlled experiment.Under this condition,the highest numbers of emergence holes and the adults of A.hygrophila were achieved,while the population density of A.philoxeroides was the lowest,the internode length and stem diameter were the shortest,the c

关 键 词：空心莲子草 空心莲子草叶甲 释放量 生物防治 防控效果 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]