棉秆炭化还田对棉花生长及土壤理化特性的影响  

Effects of Different Ways of Returning Cotton Straw to the Field on the Growth and Yield of Cotton

作　　者：刘会芳[1,2] 唐光木[1] 孙宁川[1] 秦蓓[1] 冯雷 徐万里[1] LIU Hui-fang;TANG Guang-mu;SUN Ning-chuan;QIN Bei;FENG Lei;XU Wan-li(Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2018年第9期1710-1716,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费"西北棉秆炭施用技术集成示范"(201503136)~~

摘　　要：【目的】研究西北连作棉田秸秆炭化还田对棉花生长和土壤性质的影响,提炼适宜的秸秆还田技术,为西北棉花秸秆还田提供技术支撑。【方法】试验设置为田间试验,6个处理,分别为:1、秸秆移除(CK); 2、秸秆还田(S); 3、有机肥还田(M); 4、炭化还田(1. 5Bc); 5、有机肥+棉秆炭(MBc); 6、炭化还田(3. 0Bc)。在棉花生长后期测定棉花的生长指标、生物量、产量,并采集土样,分析相关指标。【结果】与秸秆移除(CK)相比,棉花植株的株高、茎粗、叶长和叶宽均以有机肥还田及其与炭化还田的配合施用最大,分别增加了8. 89%、11. 86%、11. 82%、11. 39%。产量则以有机肥还田、有机肥还田与炭化还田的结合两个处理对产量的提高幅度最大,分别为43. 06%、37. 01%,其次是1. 5Bc和3. 0Bc两个处理,均显著增加了棉花产量,分别达到了18. 15%、30. 25%;地上部干物质积累以3. 0 t炭化还田处理提高幅度最大,达到了34. 94%,地下部以秸秆直接粉碎还田提高幅度最大,为62. 92%;土壤性质则以3. 0tBc处理对土壤饱和含水量和田间持水量的增加幅度以及对土壤容重的降低幅度最大,分别达到了11. 03%、10. 02%、4. 77%。【结论】有机肥还田、炭化还田及其配施能够有效的促进棉花生长,增加棉花干物质积累,提高产量,改善土壤性质。【Objective】The objective of this experiment is to explore the effects of different returning ways of cotton straw to the field on the growth and yield of cotton in the hope of providing a 'prescription' for farmers and a scientific basis for technique of straw returning.【Method】6 treatments were designed,under the field cultivation condition,respectively:1.CK:NPK+straw removing;2.S:NPK+straw returning;3.M:NPK+manure(1.5 t/667 m^2);4.1.5Bc:NPK+biochar(1.5 t/667 m^2);5.MBc:NPK+biochar+manure(respectivily,1.5 t/667 m^2);6.3.0Bc:NPK+biochar(3.0 t/667 m^2).Growth indicators,yield and biomass of cotton,and indicators of soil were determined at the later stage of cotton growth.【Result】Compared with straw removal of(CK),the plant height,stem diameter,leaf length and leaf width of cotton plant were increased by 8.89%,11.86%,11.82%and 11.39%respectively.The yield was increased by the combination of organic fertilizer and carbonization,which were 43.06%and 37.01%,respectively,followed by 1.5Bc and 3.0Bc,both of which significantly increased cotton yield by 18.15%and 30.25%,respectively.The dry matter accumulation of aboveground part was increased by 3.0t carbonization treatment,and reached 34.94%.The direct pulverization of straw was the biggest increase in underground area,which was 62.92%.The increase of saturated water content and field water capacity and the decrease of soil bulk density in 3.0tBc treatment were 11.03%,10.02%and 4.77%,respectively.【Conclusion】In conclusion,Returning organic fertilizer to field,carbonization and its combined application can effectively promote cotton growth,increase cotton dry matter accumulation,increase yield and improve soil properties.

关 键 词：棉花秸秆 还田方式 生物炭 产量 

分 类 号：S156.99[农业科学—土壤学]