马铃薯种植机分层施肥开沟器设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Separated Layer Fertilization Furrow Opener for Potato Planter

作　　者：杨然兵[1,2] 杨红光 连政国[1,3] 张还[1] 郭栋 郑媛媛[1] YANG Ranbing;YANG Hongguang;LIAN Zhengguo;ZHANG Huan;GUO Dong;ZHENG Yuanyuan(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Centre of Mechanized Production Equipment for Staple Crops,Qingdao 266109,China;Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Root Crops Production Equipment,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,青岛266109 [2]山东省主要农作物机械化生产装备协同创新中心,青岛266109 [3]山东省根茎类作物生产装备工程技术研究中心,青岛266109

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第11期104-113,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200607);山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2017TH002);山东省协同创新中心资金项目(2115002)

摘　　要：针对目前我国马铃薯种植机普遍存在的肥料定位不精确问题,结合马铃薯根系分布规律和一垄二行种植模式特点,提出了一种基于曲面排肥与V型防堵结构的分层施肥技术,设计了深度可调式分层施肥开沟器,研究了土壤与开沟部件之间运动关系,并对肥料在曲面分肥板上的运动规律进行了理论分析;以下层排肥量稳定性变异系数为试验指标进行了单因素试验,确定了排肥器最佳槽轮工作长度;在此条件下,以排肥轴转速和曲面分肥板斜面倾角为试验因素,上层排肥盒左右侧排肥一致性变异系数为试验指标进行了通用旋转组合试验,运用DPS和Matlab软件进行回归方程显著性分析和参数优化,得出最佳因素组合为排肥轴转速20. 5 r/min,曲面分肥板斜面倾角15°,此时上层排肥盒左右侧排肥一致性变异系数为3. 30%。最优参数下的重复试验结果表明,平均上层排肥盒左右侧排肥一致性变异系数为3. 71%,试验值与理论值相近;田间排肥性能试验结果表明,该开沟器作业流畅,排肥性能满足马铃薯施肥要求。Aiming at the inaccuracy of fertilizer location in potato planter popularized in China,combined with the distribution law of potato root system and the planting pattern characteristics of one ridge two rows for potato,and the separated layer fertilization technology based on surface drainage and V type anti blocking structure was proposed.The design and analysis of separated layer fertilization furrow opener and a depth adjustable separated layer fertilization furrow opener was developed.The motion relationship between the soil and furrow opener was studied,and the movement process of fertilizer on curved surface fertilizing plate was analyzed.The variation coefficient of the stability of the lower layer was experimented by single factor bench test,and the optimum working length of groove wheel was 50 mm.Under the condition of optimum working length of groove wheel,the quadratic universal rotary assembly experiment of two factors were carried out with the rotation speed of manure shaft and the curved surface angle of fertilizing plate as experimental factors,the variation coefficient of the stability of left and right sides for upper layer fertilizing box as experimental index.The saliency analysis of regression equation and parameter optimization were obtained by using the DPS and Matlab software.The results showed that the rotation speed of fertilizing shaft of 20.5 r/min and the curved surface angle of fertilizing plate of 15°were the best combination factors,which led to the variation coefficient of the stability of left and right sides for upper layer fertilizing box of 3.30%.Five repeated experiments were carried out under the optimal parameters.The results showed that the average variation coefficient of the stability of left and right sides for upper layer fertilizing box was 3.71%,and the experimental value was similar to that of the theoretical value.Meanwhile,the field performance experiment showed that the performance of separated layer fertilization furrow opener completely met the relevant standard

关 键 词：马铃薯 种植机 开沟器 分层施肥 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]