蔚县盆地吉家庄旧石器遗址发掘报告  

A preliminary report on excavation of the Jijiazhuang Paleolithic site in the Yuxian Basin, North China

作　　者：裴树文[1,2] 马东东 贾真秀[4] 李潇丽 王晓敏 王法岗[6] 杨海勇[7] PEI Shuwen;MA Dongdong;JIA Zhenxiu;LI Xiaoli;WANG Xiaomin;WANG Fagang;YANG Haiyong(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing,100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Beijing Museum of Natural History,Beijing 100050;Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics,Shijiazhuang 050031;Yuzhou Museum,Yuxian,075700)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100101 [5]北京自然博物馆,北京100050 [6]河北省文物研究所,石家庄050031 [7]蔚州博物馆,蔚县075700

出　　处：《人类学学报》2018年第4期510-528,共19页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB26000000);国家自然科学基金项目(41872029,41372032);The John Templeton Foundation through a grant to the Stone Age Institute。

摘　　要：蔚县盆地地处泥河湾盆地(广义)东南部,其河湖相地层内保留丰富的早期人类活动信息,在研究中国北方更新世人类演化和生存行为领域具有重要意义。吉家庄遗址是近年来新发现和发掘的旧石器遗址,埋藏于吉家庄镇以北的河湖相地层内。遗址发现于2003年,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所于2016年对其四个地点(JJZ-A、JJZ-B、JJZ-C和JJZ-D)进行考古发掘,揭露面积76m^2,出土190件石质标本和178件动物化石。遗址剖面堆积物以棕灰-棕黄-灰绿-灰黑色细砂、粉砂和黏土为主,文化遗物出自棕灰色-棕黄色细砂和粉砂层内。对代表性地点JJZ-B遗址成因(标本风化磨蚀状况、个体大小和空间聚集特征等)分析表明,遗址形成过程中仅受到湖泊片流改造且程度较弱。石制品原料均来自遗址东北约6km外的玉皇山,岩性以中基性火山岩为主。锤击法剥片和修理石器,剥片和修理相对较为彻底和精致,部分石片显示小台面且保留唇的特点,显示早期人类的石器技术相对泥河湾盆地早更新世模式1(Oldowan-like)工业较为进步。哺乳动物化石较破碎,地层对比显示古人类在该遗址活动的时间大致为中更新世。该遗址的发掘对研究古人类在蔚县盆地的生活方式以及探求泥河湾盆地古人类在早-中更新世石器技术演变及适应策略具有重要意义。The Nihewan basin(senso lato),which has the most concentrated evidence for the earliest human dispersal to East Asia,is the key region for study of the relationship between early hominin evolution and environment in North China.However,research in past decades was concentrated in the eastern part of the basin.Yuxian basin,which preserves fluvio-lacustrine deposits and early human cultural remains,is located in the southeastern part of the Nihewan basin.From 2015,a systematic investigation was conducted by a team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics,and Yuzhou Museum.Many Paleolithic sites and archaeological remains were discovered from Jijiazhuang town,Yuxian basin.This paper gives a preliminary report on the Jijiazhuang site(JJZ)complex which was excavated in 2016.The newly discovered Jijiazhuang site complex(JJZ-A,JJZ-B,JJZ-C,and JJZ-D)is located in the north part of Jijiazhuang town in the Yuxian basin.It was discovered in 2003 and was excavated in 2016.A total of 76 m2 was exposed,with 190 stone artifacts and 178 fossil fragments recovered from the site.The stratigraphic profile comprises fluvio-lacustrine deposits of browngrey,brown-yellow,grey-green,and grey-black fine sand,silt,and clay,which is capped by loess.The archaeological materials were unearthed from the brown-grey and brown-yellow fine sands and silt.Study of the multiple evidence from archaeological materials(particularly the artifact conditions,debitage size distribution,orientation analysis,and inclination)from JJZ-B site indicates that the archaeological deposits were buried rapidly in shallow lake margin deposits of fine sands and silts that were minimally disturbed and subjected only to relatively low energy sheet wash.Lithic raw materials were procured ca.6 km north of the site,with volcanic lava dominating the rock types,and siliceous dolomite and chert less common.Artifacts in the assemblage are relatively small to medium in size.The

关 键 词：旧石器 遗址成因 中更新世 吉家庄遗址 蔚县盆地 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]