浙江北关港污损生物的群落结构及其主要影响因子  

Community structure of fouling organisms and its major impact factors in the Beiguan Port, China

作　　者：李众 林和山[1] 黄雅琴[1] 何雪宝[1] 林俊辉[1] 刘坤[1] 牟剑锋[1] 张舒怡[1] 马丽[1] 王建军[1] Li Zhong;Lin Heshan;Huang Yaqin;He Xuebao;Lin Junhui;Liu Kun;Mou Jianfeng;Zhang Shuyi;Ma Li;Wang Jianjun(Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生物与生态实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《海洋学报》2018年第12期81-93,共13页

基　　金：海洋风电项目生态环境监测指标体系与生态效应评估方法研究(201505027-5);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201505004)

摘　　要：于2016年3月至2017年2月在浙江北关港附近海域进行污损生物周年挂板试验,全年共记录大型污损生物9门44科53属59种,种类组成以近岸暖水种为主,属于典型的亚热带内湾型污损生物群落。固着生活类型的悬浮物食者是该海域污损生物群落的优势群体,群落最主要的优势种是网纹藤壶(Amphibalanus reticulates),其次为长鳃麦秆虫(Caprella equilibra)、中胚花筒螅(Ectopleura crocea)、太平洋侧花海葵(Anthopleura nigrescens)、廉形叶钩虾(Jassa falcata)和强壮藻钩虾(Stenothoe valida)等种类。该海域污损生物全年各月均有附着, 6-10月板的覆盖面积均达100%,附着盛期为6-8月,月板、季板、半年板和年板的平均附着密度和生物量分别为(21 371±8 722) ind/m^2和(1 667.5±506.0) g/m^2,(31 605±17 671) ind/m^2和(5 879.1±2 576.5) g/m^2,(31 188±10 834) ind/m^2和(13 989.6±4 755.4) g/m^2,(18 425±5 757) ind/m^2和(6 581.9±2 175.9) g/m^2,其中夏季附着强度最高。污损生物群落个体间因栖息空间和食物竞争而存在着相互依存或互相制约的关系,又依照对环境的适应性而存在着一定的时空分布规律。分析表明,温度是决定污损生物地理分布的最主要环境因素;另外,盐度、水体透明度以及光照等自然环境也是影响污损生物附着的重要影响因素。An annual panel test on marine fouling was carried out from March2016to February2017in the Beiguan Port,China.59species of fouling organisms belonging to53genera,44families and9phyla were identified.The fouling organisms were mainly composed of coastal and warm water affinities and reflected distinct characteristics of subtropical embayments.Sessile suspension feeders constituted the main core of settlement for the fouling community.Amphibalanus reticulatus was the most dominant and representative species in the fouling community,and other major species included Caprella equilibra,Ectopleura crocea,Anthopleura nigrescens,Jassa falcate,Stenothoe valida and so on.The settlement of fouling organisms occurred throughout the year,and the area colonized by them reached100%from June to October,moreover,from June to August,it is the peak time for marine fouling.The average density and biomass on the monthly,seasonal,semiannual and annual test panels were(21371±8722)ind/m^2and(1667.5±506.0)g/m^2,(31605±17671)ind/m^2and(5879.1±2576.5)g/m^2,(31188±10834)ind/m^2and(13989.6±4755.4)g/m^2,(18425±5757)ind/m^2and(6581.9±2175.9)g/m^2,respectively,and the adhesive strength of the fouling organisms was highest in summer.The individuals in the fouling community showed a mutual dependence or constraint relationship due to competition for settlement space and food,and they exhibited a particular spatiotemporal distribution in accordance with adaptation to environment.Analysis shows that temperature was the most important environmental factor determining the geographic distribution of fouling organisms.natural environmental conditions(such as salinity,water transparency and light)are all important factors affecting the settlement of fouling organisms.

关 键 词：北关港 污损生物 群落组成 环境因素 

分 类 号：A178.53[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]