基于Ecopath模型的南湾水库生态系统结构与功能定量分析  

Quantitative Analysis of the Ecosystem Structure and Function of the Nanwan Reservoir Based on Ecopath Model

作　　者：王瑞 米玮洁[1] 李睿 曾鹏 胡菊香[1] WANG Rui;MI Weijie;LI Rui;ZENG Peng;HU Juxiang(Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan 430079,China;Reservoir Administration of Nanwan,Xinyang 464031,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]河南信阳市南湾水库管理局,河南信阳464031

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2018年第4期37-46,共10页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51279112)

摘　　要：定量分析水库生态系统结构与功能,可为水库水生态保护提供有效的理论支撑。本研究选取鲢鳙高产水库——河南信阳南湾水库为研究对象,根据2015-2016年南湾水库水生生物的调查结果,应用Ecosim 6.5软件构建南湾水库生态系统的Ecopath食物网模型。模型由21个功能组组成,包括了初级生产者、初级消费者、主要鱼类和碎屑等,基本覆盖了生态系统能量流动的全过程。研究结果显示:南湾水库生态系统中各功能组分数营养级(Fractional Trophic Level,FTL)为1.000～3.680,营养级最高的为肉食性鱼类翘嘴鲌(3.680)。食物网能量传递有两条主要的营养传递途径,即碎屑食物链和牧食食物链,两者传递的能量相当。交互营养分析结果表明,商业捕捞对生态系统中大部分功能组均有显著负面效应,且效应强度高于捕食、竞争等种间关系。对生态系统总体特征分析发现,南湾水库生态系统的总初级生产力(Total PrimaryProduction,TPP)与总呼吸量(Total Respiration,TR)的比值(TPP/TR)、系统连接指数(Connectance Index,CI)和系统杂食性指数(System Omnivory Index,SOI)都表明该生态系统相对成熟,较为稳定。但营养级Ⅰ的利用率低下,大量的初级生产力未进入较高营养级的食物链中进行物质循环,造成生态系统中能量流动的滞缓。这可能与库区鲢鳙放养比例的不合理及无选择性捕捞有关。因此,在库区管理过程中应该科学调整鱼类群落结构,合理适当捕捞,充分发挥鱼类养殖在维持生态系统稳定中的正面效应。Quantitative analysis of ecosystem structure and function can provide powerful theoretical support for the conservation of reservoir ecosystem.Based on the survey conducted during 2015-2016 in the Nanwan reser-voir in Xinyang,Henan,which has high yield of silver carp and bighead carp,a mass-balanced ecosystem mod-el was constructed using Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5 for the Nanwan reservoir.The model comprised of 21 function-al groups,including primary producers,primary consumers,the main species of fishes and detritus,and covering the entire process of ecosystem energy flow.The results show that the trophic level of each functional component in the ecosystem varies from 1.000 to 3.680,and the topmouth culter has the highest trophic level(3.680).Two trophic pathways are found,i.e.the detrital pathway and grazing pathway,which has the same amount of ener-gy flow.The results of mixed trophic impacts show that commercial fishing has significant negative effects on most functional groups in the ecosystem,and the effect intensity is stronger than that of the interspecific relation-ships such as predation and interspecific competition.The comprehensive analysis of multiple indices,including total primary production/total respiration(TPP/TR),connectance index(CI)and system omnivory index(SOI),in-dicates that the reservoir ecosystem is relatively mature and stable.As a consequence of the low ecotrophic effi-ciency for primary producer,a large amount of primary productivity did not enter the higher trophic level of food chain for matter cycle.This may be related to the unreasonable fish composition and non-selective fishing.Therefore,in the management of the reservoir,the fish community structure should be scientifically adjusted to give full play to the positive effects of fish farming in maintaining ecosystem health.

关 键 词：ECOPATH模型 生态系统 定量分析 南湾水库 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S141[农业科学—肥料学]