杭州市生活饮用水健康风险评价  

Assessment on health risk of drinking water in Hangzhou

作　　者：薛鸣[1] 金铨[1] 张力群[1] 王小芳[1] 杨忠乔[1] 边天斌[1] 龚立科[1] XUE Ming;JING Quan;ZHANG Li-qun;WANG Xiao-fang;YANG Zhong-qiao;BIAN Tian-bin;GONG Li-ke(Department of Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis,Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市疾病预防控制中心理化检验科

出　　处：《预防医学》2019年第1期28-32,共5页CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL

基　　金：浙江省医药卫生科技计划(2017KY131);杭州市农业与社会发展科研计划项目(20170533B72)

摘　　要：目的对2016—2017年杭州市生活饮用水水质进行健康风险评价,为确保居民生活饮用水安全提供依据。方法收集2016—2017年杭州市主城区36份水源水、36份出厂水和288份末梢水中5种基因毒物质(砷、六价铬、镉、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳)及13种躯体毒物质(铅、汞、硒、氰化物、氟化物、硝酸盐、铁、氨氮、锰、铜、锌、铝和挥发酚)的监测数据,采用美国国家环境保护局推荐的风险评价模型评价经饮水途径引起的健康风险。结果水源水、出厂水和末梢水中5种基因毒物质和13种躯体毒物质浓度均在GB5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》参考限值范围内。水源水中化学污染物致癌风险、非致癌风险和总健康风险分别为2.18×10^-5/a、7.75×10^-9/a和2.18×10^-5/a;出厂水中化学污染物致癌风险、非致癌风险和总健康风险分别为1.08×10^-5/a、3.70×10^-9/a和1.08×10^-5/a;末梢水中化学污染物致癌风险、非致癌风险和总健康风险分别为1.96×10^-5/a、3.61×10^-9/a和1.96×10^-5/a。致癌风险和总健康风险由高到低依次为水源水、末梢水和出厂水,非致癌风险由高到低依次为水源水、出厂水和末梢水。结论杭州市生活饮用水中18种化学污染物的健康风险处于较低水平,且致癌风险远大于非致癌风险,致癌物中以六价铬风险最高,非致癌物中以氟化物和铝风险最高。Objective To assess the health risk associated with drinking water in Hangzhou from2016to2017,and to provide evidence for the safety of drinking water.Methods The monitoring data of5genetic toxic substances(arsenic,hexavalent chromium,cadmium,chloroform,tetrachloromethane)and13body toxic substances(lead,mercury,selenium,cyanide,fluoride,nitrate,iron,ammonia nitrogen,manganese,copper,zinc,aluminum,volatile phenol)from36source water samples,36finished water samples and288tap water samples in the main urban areas of Hangzhou were collected from2016to2017.The health risk of drinking water containing the chemical pollutants mentioned above were assessed based on the evaluation models recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency.Results The concentrations of5genetic toxic substances and13body toxic substances in source water,finished water and tap water were all within the reference limits issued by Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB5749-2006).The carcinogenic risk,non-carcinogenic risk and total health risk caused by the chemical pollutants in the source water were2.18×10^-5/a,7.75×10^-9/a and2.18×10^-5/a.The carcinogenic risk,non-carcinogenic risk and the total health risk caused by the chemical pollutants in the finished water were1.08×10^-5/a,3.70×10^-9/a and1.08×10^-5/a.The carcinogenic risk,non-carcinogenic risk and total health risk caused by the chemical pollutants in the tap water were1.96×10^-5/a,3.61×10^9/a and1.96×10^-5/a.The carcinogenic risk and total health risk caused by chemical pollutants ranged from high to low in the source water,tap water and finished water.The non-carcinogenic risks ranged from high to low in the source water,finished water and tap water.Conclusion The health risks of18chemical pollutants in drinking water in Hangzhou were at a low level,with the greater carcinogenic risk than the non-carcinogenic risk.Hexavalent chromium had the highest carcinogenic risk,while fluoride and aluminum had the highest non-carcinogenic risk.

关 键 词：生活饮用水 基因毒物质 躯体毒物质 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]