吐鲁番坎儿井技术体系本土起源说  

The Indigenous Origin of the Technical System of the Karez in Turpan

作　　者：何治民[1] HE Zhimin(School of History and Culture,Jishou University,Jishou,Hunan,China,416000)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学历史与文化学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第6期77-87,共11页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：湖南省教育厅项目"技术类农业文化遗产保护与扶贫攻坚协同推进可行性研究(16C1333)

摘　　要：迄今涉及到吐鲁番坎儿井技术体系起源研究的论著虽多,但至今未能达成共识。代表性的结论大致有四:一是源于汉代井渠,二是传自中亚,三是林则徐所创,四是维吾尔族独创。综合查阅不同类型的成果,并辅以当代调查资料,从中不难发现,相关研究成果在涉及到"起源"和"流变"两大范畴时,如何明确界定两者之间的差异,一直存在着分歧;加上所凭借的资料各不相同,结论难以达成一致。但如果先认定吐鲁番坎儿井的形制特点、功能及其所适应的自然与生态系统,那么就不难确认,吐鲁番坎儿井的开凿技术体系,只能是本土起源。外界传入的文化和技术,只能发挥提升其效能的作用,与真正的起源不存在必然的联系。Previously,there have been many discussions on the origin of the technical system of the Karez in Turpan,but no consensus has been reached so far.There are representative conclusions: one is that it originated from the Han Dynasty wells,the second that it has its origin in Central Asia,the third is that it is created by Lin Zexu,and the fourth is that Uyghur ethnic group first created it.Reviewing different types of study conclusions,supplemented by contemporary survey data,the author finds out that there is divergency,in relevant research results concerning how to clearly define the differences between the two when it comes to the two categories of “origin” and “rheology”,and in addition,different references make them difficult to reach an agreement.However,if we first identify the characteristics and functions of the Turpan Karez and the natural and ecological systems that they adapt to,it is not difficult to confirm that the excavation technology system of the Turpan Karez can only be of indigenous origin.The culture and technology from the outside world can only play a role in enhancing its effectiveness,without necessarily relating to the true origin.

关 键 词：吐鲁番坎儿井 技术体系 本土起源 

分 类 号：S-1[农业科学]