长江口典型盐沼植物对持续淹水胁迫的响应  

Responses of Typical Salt Marsh Species in the Yangtze Estuary to Continuous Flooding Stress

作　　者：李伟 郭莲磊[1] 陈红 袁琳 赵志远[2] LI Wei;GUO Lianlei;CHEN Hong;YUAN Lin;ZHAO Zhiyuan(Dongying City Administration,Dongying 257000,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 20062,China)

机构地区：[1]东营市城市管理局,山东东营257000 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第1期23-29,共7页Journal of Ludong University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1201102;2017YFC0506002);上海市科委重大项目(17DZ1201902);上海市绿化局科研专项(G161509)

摘　　要：以长江口滨海湿地典型盐沼植物海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)和互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)为研究对象,通过人工模拟潮汐控制实验,比较了不同持续淹水时间处理(3 h·d^(-1),4 h·d^(-1),5 h·d^(-1)和6 h·d^(-1))对三种盐沼植物存活、营养生长及繁殖的影响,从而比较未来海平面上升情景下,本地物种海三棱藨草、芦苇及外来物种互花米草对持续淹水胁迫的适应性.研究结果表明:(1)三种长江口典型盐沼植物的存活率随着日均持续淹水时间的延长呈下降趋势,持续淹水大于3 h·d^(-1)时,三种植物的存活率由高到低依次为:互花米草>海三棱藨草>芦苇;(2)三种植物的株高及生物量累积量均随着日均持续淹水时间的延长呈先增加后下降的趋势,持续淹水为4 h·d^(-1)时,株高均达到最大值;持续淹水分别为4. 84 h·d^(-1),4. 55 h·d^(-1)和3. 67 h·d^(-1)时,三种植物的地上生物量累积量达到最大值;(3)三种植物的繁殖状况受日均持续淹水时间的延长影响(P <0. 05),三种盐沼植物的分蘖数随淹水时间处理延长呈先增加后下降的趋势,在持续淹水4 h·d^(-1)时分蘖数达到最大值;而结穗率则表现为随着淹水时间的持续增加呈逐渐下降的趋势;(4)外来入侵物种较本地物种对于持续淹水胁迫具有更强的耐受性,未来海平面上升将加剧对本地物种海三棱藨草和芦苇的影响.研究结果为探讨全球变化对滨海湿地生态系统的影响提供了理论依据,并为长江口滨海湿地保护、修复和管理提供了数据支撑,具有重要的意义.We focused on three vascular plants,two native Scirpus mariqueter and Phragmites australis,an invasive Spartina alterniflora as study objects.The effects of different continuous flooding treatments(3 h·d^-1,4 h·d^-1,5 h·d^-1 and 6 h·d^-1)on the survival,growth and reproduction of three salt marsh species were compared.The responses mechanism of S.mariqueter,S.alterniflora and P.australis to flooding duration stress under sea level rise in the future were explored.The results were as follows:(1)the survival rate of S.mariqueter,S.alterniflora and P.australis declined with the increase of daily flooding duration.When the flooding duration was greater than 3 h·d^-1,the survival rate of three species were:S.alterniflora>S.mariqueter>P.australis;(2)the plant height and biomass accumulation of three species increased first and then decreased with the increase of daily flooding duration,and the plant height reached the maximum value at 4 h·d^-1,and the maximum aboveground biomass accumulation at 4.84 h·d^-1,4.55 h·d^-1,and 3.67 h·d^-1,respectively;(3)the increase of the flooding duration significantly affected the reproductive status of the three species.The number of tillers increased first and then decreased with the increase of flooding duration(the maximum at 4 h·d^-1).However,the ear setting percentage of three salt marsh species decreased gradually with the increase of flooding duration;(4)Invasive species are more tolerant to continuous flooding stress than native species,and the sea level rise in the future will have more serious impacts on the native species S.mariqueter and P.australis.These results could provide the scientific supports for the global change researches,and coastal zone protection,restoration and comprehensive management in the Yangtze Estuary.

关 键 词：海平面上升 持续淹水 盐沼植物 长江口 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]