研发国际化与企业创新绩效——基于制度距离的调节作用  

R&D Internationalization and Innovation Performance: The Moderating Effect of Institutional Distance

作　　者：李梅[1] 卢程 LI Mei;LU Cheng(Economics and Management School of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《经济管理》2019年第1期39-55,共17页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"研发国际化对母公司创新绩效的影响机制:中介和调节效应分析"(71672133);教育部人文社会科学研究项目"技术差距与对外直接投资逆向技术溢出:机制分析和实证检验"(13YJA790049)

摘　　要：研发国际化是以中国为代表的新兴经济体企业寻求海外优势技术知识、参与全球竞争的重要战略抉择。本文将研发国际化分为研发国际化广度和研发国际化深度两个维度,以2009—2015年我国开展研发国际化的沪深信息技术业上市企业为样本,研究了研发国际化广度和深度对企业创新的不同作用机制。研究结果表明,研发国际化广度的增加带来组织学习收益的提高并最终对企业创新绩效产生积极的正向效应,但是研发国际化深度却因外来者劣势等原因提高了学习成本并对企业创新绩效产生了负向影响。制度距离对研发国际化与企业创新的关系起到了调节作用,随着母国与东道国的制度距离增加,企业研发国际化广度对创新的正向效应增强,但同时研发国际化深度对创新的负向效应也随着双方制度距离的增加而更加显著。将制度距离划分为管制距离、规范距离和认知距离,也得到了同样的结论。企业在开展研发国际化活动时应当审慎把握研发国际化广度和研发国际化深度对企业创新的不同作用机制,以及制度距离带来的优势和风险,合理布局全球研发网络,这对于中国企业成功实施海外研发具有实践指导意义。In the context of economic globalization and competition globalization,innovation has extremely important strategic value for the survival of enterprises as well as the maintenance of competitive advantages.For enterprises from emerging economies such as China,R&D internationalization is an important strategic choice for them to seek advanced overseas technology,enhance their own innovation capabilities and maintain competitive advantages.Through the layout of R&D units on a global scale,multinational enterprises can optimize the allocation of global R&D resources to maximize the use of their own knowledge and effectively acquire the unique knowledge assets of host countries.What s more,R&D internationalization can also help enterprises to transfer and share knowledge among R&D units of their global R&D networks.However,conducting R&D activities in a totally unfamiliar host country,enterprises are also likely to suffer from discrimination for the identify of foreigner and newcomer from outside of the company,as well as the disorder of exchanges and communication of different R&D units for the reason of national boundaries from inside of the company.To explore whether R&D internationalization can truly improve the innovation performance of enterprises,this paper divides R&D internationalization into two dimensions,which are the diversity of R&D internationalization and the intensity of R&D internationalization,so that we could have a clearer understanding of the diverse mechanisms of different aspects of R&D internationalization on innovation performance.Basing on Chinese listed enterprises of information and technology from 2009 to 2015,we discuss the two different influence mechanisms of the diversity and intensity of R&D internationalization on innovation performance.The results are mixed.On one side,with the increase of the diversity of R&D internationalization,the enterprises conducting R&D activities in more different host countries could develop more organizational learning opportunities to gain specific lo

关 键 词：研发国际化 创新绩效 制度距离 

分 类 号：F271[经济管理—企业管理] F279.2[经济管理—国民经济]