2015年中国山洪灾害特点及减灾效益分析  

Analysis of the Characteristics of China's Flash Flood Disaster in 2015

作　　者：马美红[1,2] 黄先龙 何秉顺[1] 任洪玉[4] 常凊睿[1] 李青[1] 赵茹欣[2] MA Meihong;HUANG Xianlong;HE Bingshun;REN Hongyu;CHANG Qingrui;LI Qing;ZHAO Ruxin(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Office of the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters,Beijing 100045,China;Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]天津师范大学,天津300387 [3]国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室,北京100045 [4]长江科学院水土保持研究所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民黄河》2019年第1期23-27,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(51409143);全国山洪灾害防治项目(126301001000150068)

摘　　要：全国山洪灾害防治项目经过2010—2015年的建设,初步形成了一套适合中国国情、较完整的山洪灾害防御体系,并发挥了显著的实际效益。基于全国山洪灾害防治项目的最新数据,介绍中国山洪灾害防御体系建设概况,分析认为2015年中国山洪灾害具有致死人数为历史最低、区域差异显著、同县多次遭灾、发生灾害时间提前等特点。结合中国在防御山洪灾害方面的典型案例以及取得的实际效益,从经济、社会、生态3个方面对山洪灾害防御建设进行综合评价,同时针对防御工作中的薄弱环节,提出了相应的对策和建议。China National Flash Flood Disaster Prevention and Control Project has been constructed from 2010 to 2015,which formed the perfect system for the flash flood control and it has been proved that the system is suitable for China’s national conditions and has played a significant practical benefit. Based on the latest data of China National Flash Flood Disaster Prevention and Control Project,this paper introduced the construction of the Chinese flash flood disaster prevention system. Firstly,this paper analyzed the characteristics of the China’s flash flood in 2015,that was,the number of deaths was the lowest in history; the different territorialization was in significant differences;many counties suffered from flash flood disasters many times; the flash flood disaster occurred in advance; combining with China’s typical cases in the defense of flash flood disaster,the actual benefit was especially significant. Then it made a comprehensive evaluation in the economic,social and ecological aspects. Moreover,for the defense of the weak links,the article put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the ongoing flash flood disaster prevention. All would contribute to provide scientific references and policy recommendations.

关 键 词：山洪灾害 特点 效益 2015年 中国 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]