船舶表面微结构防污技术研究进展  

Advances in Surface Microstructure Antifouling Technology for Ship Hull

作　　者：楼彤 白秀琴[1,2] 袁成清 杨宗澄[1,2] LOU Tong;BAI Xiu-qin;YUAN Cheng-qing;YANG Zong-cheng(Reliability Engineering Institute,National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Power Engineering&Technology(Ministry of Transport),Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学国家水运安全工程技术研究中心可靠性工程研究所,武汉430063 [2]武汉理工大学船舶动力工程技术交通行业重点实验室,武汉430063

出　　处：《表面技术》2019年第1期102-113,共12页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51379166);湖北省自然科学基金重点项目(2015CFA 127)~~

摘　　要：海洋污损生物对船壳浸水表面的危害十分严重,基于表面微结构的防污技术是一种绿色防污方法,不会对海洋生态环境造成任何危害,近些年来得到了重点研究。文中分析了自然界中多种具有自清洁能力的动植物的表面微观结构特征;总结了表面微观结构防污机理研究方面的进展;阐述了几种现有的微观结构防污理论模型:ERI模型、纳米力梯度模型以及SEA模型。对当前常用的微米级结构、纳米级结构以及微纳复合结构的加工方法进行了综述;分析了目前微结构表面防污性能常用评价方法:实船试验方法、浅海浸泡试验方法、接触角试验方法、附着力测量试验方法以及生物附着试验方法。基于细菌、石莼孢子、硅藻和藤壶金星幼虫等典型海洋污损生物,对表面微结构的防污特性进行了分析,提出深入研究海洋污损生物的附着机理和表面微结构的防污机理,进而建立表面微结构的设计基准。多尺度微纳结构的快速精准加工和完善防污性能评价体系,是表面微结构防污发展中面临的难题和未来发展方向。Marine fouling organisms are very harmful to the immersed surface of the ship hull.The antifouling technology based on surface microstructure is a green antifouling method that will not cause any harm to the marine ecological environment,so it has been studied emphasically in recent years.The work analyzed the surface microstructure characteristics of many self-cleaning animals and plants in nature and summarized the research progress of surface microstructure antifouling mechanism.Moreover,several existing antifouling theoretical models of microstructure were described:engineered roughness index model,engineered nanoforce gradients model and surface energetic attachment model.The methods to process micron-scale structures,nano-scale structures and micro-nano-composite structures were reviewed and the common evaluation methods for antifouling performance of microstructures were discussed:real ship test method,shallow sea submergence test method,contact angle test method,adhesion measurement test method and biological adhesion test method.Based on typical marine fouling organisms such as bacteria,ulva spores,diatoms and barnacle larvae,the antifouling properties of surface microstructures were analyzed.Then,the further studying of the adhesion mechanism of marine fouling organisms and antifouling mechanism of surface microstructure is proposed to establish surface microstructure design benchmark.The rapid and accurate processing of multi-scale micro/nano structure and the perfecting evaluation system of antifouling performance are the key problems and future directions in the development of surface microstructure antifouling technologies.

关 键 词：生物污损 表面微结构 防污机理 微纳加工 防污性能 

分 类 号：U661.6[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]