人牙髓干细胞的生物学特性研究及其应用进展  

Advances in the biological characteristics and application of human dental pulp stem cells

作　　者：乔朋艳[1] 刘洪臣[1] QIAO Peng-yan;LIU Hong-chen(Institute of Stomatology,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853 China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院口腔医学研究所,博士后北京100853

出　　处：《口腔颌面修复学杂志》2018年第6期352-357,共6页Chinese Journal of Prosthodontics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:81771102;81271180);中国博士后科学基(项目编号:2017M613400);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(项目编号:2015AA033502);首都临床特色应用研究(项目编号:Z131107002213119)

摘　　要：临床上,由牙周病、外伤、肿瘤以及骨质疏松症等导致的牙颌面软硬组织缺损发病率高,患者进行牙颌面软硬组织缺损修复的迫切需求较大,自体干细胞介导的组织再生修复成为国内外研究的热点。人牙髓干细胞(human dental pulp stem cells,h DPSCs)是一类存在于人牙髓组织(乳牙、恒牙)中具有较强的自我更新和多向分化潜能的间充质干细胞,易于获取和保存,免疫原性低,较人体其他间充质干细胞更具优势,在合适的体内或体外环境下可分化为多种人体细胞,为组织、器官修复和自体、异体移植治疗相关疾病提供细胞来源。本课题组关于间充质干细胞的最新研究,首次发现因胚层起源不同老年人颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化能力优于四肢骨骨髓间充质干细胞;首次成功分离培养高龄老年人(≥80岁)牙髓间充质干细胞,经流式分析鉴定细胞高表达间充干细胞表面标记,具有一定的增殖和分化潜能。本文将结合课题组前期研究,通过对牙髓间充质干细胞相关的研究文献进行分析,对牙髓间充质干细胞的分离培养与鉴定、一般生物学特性加以总结,对体外培养中传代以及年龄原因等所致的细胞衰老进行探讨,并与人体其他部位来源的间充质干细胞的生物学特性进行对比分析;探讨牙髓间充质干细胞在再生医学及疾病治疗领域的应用,特别是在口腔组织缺损修复中的应用,主要包括在牙周和骨组织缺损的再生修复、牙髓神经的再生修复以及"生物牙根"重建中的应用及探索,并对存在的问题和难点进行分析,为未来牙髓间充质干细胞在临床更加广泛地应用提供理论依据。Clinically, the prevalence of defects in the cranio-maxillofacial soft and hard tissues caused by periodontal disease, trauma, tumor and osteoporosis is increasing. There is a pressing need for patients to repair these defects. Autologous stem cell-based tissue regeneration technology has become one of the critical issues. Dental pulp stem cells, derived from human dental pulp tissues of deciduous teeth or permanent teeth, are generally considered as mesenchymal stem cells with favourable self-renewal abilities and multipotency, convenience to isolation and preservation, low immunogenicity. In suitable environments, they can differentiate into a variety of human cells in vivo or in vitro, providing seeding cells for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cell therapy of autologous or allologous transplantation. For the first time, our latest research on mesenchymal stem cells has found that the osteogenic differentiation capacity of alveolar BMSCs(neural crest origin) was higher than that of the appendicular BMSCs(mesoderm origin) in the old groups, and dental pulp stem cells derived from the oldest old(≥80 years old) were successfully isolated, cultured, and identified by flow cytometry,which highly expressed stem cell markers, with sound proliferation and multiple differentiation potentials. By reviewing our previous studies and analyzing the related literatures, the aim of this review is to summarize the methods of dental pulp stem cells’ isolation, cultivation, identification, and define its general biological characteristics, to investigate the senescence of cells induced by passage and age in vitro, and compare the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells derived from other parts of the body. It is to discuss the application of dental pulp stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine and cell therapy, especially in repair of tissue defects of the maxillofacial region, including the regeneration and repair of periodontal and bone tissue defects, the regeneration of the whole pulp

关 键 词：间充质干细胞 人牙髓干细胞 组织工程 再生医学 细胞治疗 衰老 

分 类 号：R780.2[医药卫生—口腔医学]