保守的伦理批评先驱:论约翰·加德纳的文学思想  

A conservative forerunner of ethical criticism: John Gardner and his literary criticism

作　　者：陈后亮[1] 段丽丽 CHEN Houliang;DUAN Lili(School of Foreign Languages,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学外国语学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第1期171-176,共6页Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金一般项目"‘后理论’背景下当代西方文论热点研究"(2018BWW001)

摘　　要：加德纳的文学思想有非常保守的一面,但也在很多方面领先于他的时代,成为伦理批评复兴的先驱。他坚信真正的文学创作必须是有道德的,而真正的文学批评也必须以价值评判为主。但他反对在文学内容上进行道德说教,而是强调创作过程中的道德,即作家应以开放的心态带领读者一起就某些道德问题展开探索。由于他标举道德至上的理论主张与其小说创作乃至日常生活实践之间存在不一致,导致他的理论受到怀疑与排斥。加德纳的理论缺陷主要表现在两方面:一是突出的道德审查倾向;二是对后现代文学道德关切的忽视。While conservative,John Gardner is often regarded as a forerunner of ethical criticism revival as his theory about moral criticism is ahead of his times in several aspects.He strongly believes that the true literature must be moral,and that true criticism must revolve around moral evaluation.However,Gardner disapproves of moral didacticism and emphasizes the morality in the process of literary creation,that is,the writer should take the leadership with the reader in open-mindedly exploring moral issues.Because of the inconsistency in his practice with his theory,as well as other historical factors,Gardner’s theory has been underestimated for long.His moral criticism has two shortcomings:one is his undisguised claim for censorship,while the other is his defiance of the moral concerns of postmodernism.

关 键 词：约翰·加德纳 道德批评 道德小说 伦理批评 

分 类 号：I0-02[文学—文学理论]