费孝通眼中的“羊”——印刻在家畜体内的江南农业发展史  

“Sheep” in the Eye of Fei Xiaotong: A History of Agriculture in South China Inscribed in the Domestic Animals

作　　者：菅丰[1] 陆薇薇[2] SUGA Yutaka;LU Weiwei

机构地区：[1]日本东京大学东洋文化研究所,日本东京1130033 [2]东南大学外国语学院,江苏南京210096

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第1期25-32,163,164,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：1939年,费孝通出版了中国首部现代民族志《江村经济——中国农民的生活》,他在书中对绵羊的投机性饲养、买卖及交易事业极为关注。费孝通眼中的"羊"叫作"湖羊",分布于浙江省至江苏省一带的太湖南部及上海周边地区。这些地区的自然环境并不适合饲养绵羊,所以湖羊的饲养只能采用圈养的方式。同时,这些地区的市场经济高度发展,饲养湖羊的主要目的在于小羊的贩卖,是迎合市场经济获取利益的重要手段;而公羊的快速更替这种繁殖形态也与市场经济相呼应,具有降低绵羊养殖成本的功能。此外,湖羊具有多胎性、四季繁殖性、早熟性的品种特性,这些生物学特征同样是由其所在的江南农村的社会、经济状况决定的。总之,"湖羊"与一般绵羊不同,是人为极端改良的品种,是适应江南农村自然、经济、社会环境的产物,它的身体里印刻着江南地区农业发展的历史。In 1939,Fei Xiaotong published his P h D thesis as P easant Life in China. Fei paid attention to the speculative business of sheep breeding and trading in his book. This sheep named "Hu Yang"was distributed throughout a small area in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces,especially in the southern region of Lake Taihu as well as in the outskirts of Shanghai Municipality,where the environment failed to permit the natural breeding and feeding of sheep,hence the enclosed rearing of sheep was adopted. As they were reared in the economically developed areas in China,the breeding of Hu Yang was intended for market purposes. And the rapid generational renewal of Hu Yang made them an ideal means to gain economic profits in the local market for the feeding cost was reduced. Hu Yang has unusual characteristics of multiple pregnancies,early maturity,and seasonless breeding. These Hu Yang ’s biological characteristics are shaped by social and economic conditions in the southern part of the Yangtze River.The highly developed market economy in China has had great influence not only on economic aspects but also on the biological properties of animal. Different from other variety of sheep,Hu Yang is the product of human manipulation and serves as a reflection of the historical development of the rural southern China.

关 键 词：湖羊 费孝通 市场经济 品种改良 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]