纯电动汽车正面抗撞结构耐撞性拓扑优化方法  

Crashworthiness topology optimization method for frontal anti-collision structures of pure electric vehicles

作　　者：黄敏 雷正保[1] 孙汉正 陈小勇 HUANG Min;LEI Zhengbao;SUN Hanzheng;CHEN Xiaoyong(School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《合肥工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第1期7-12,共6页Journal of Hefei University of Technology：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51675059)

摘　　要：为了解决纯电动汽车正面碰撞安全性差的问题,文章提出了一种综合考虑5种典型碰撞工况下整车优化区域以及动力电池布置分析的多目标耐撞性拓扑优化方法。基于混合元胞自动机(hybrid cellular automata,HCA)算法,耐撞性拓扑优化以单元相对密度为设计变量、结构内能密度分布统一为目标,运用固体各向同性微结构材料惩罚模型(solid isotropic material with penalization model,SIMP)下的变密度法进行材料分布;迭代收敛后,最终得到了传力路径优越、构型明朗清晰的耐撞性车身结构,同时得到符合整车性能要求的吸能纵梁形状。对优化后的整车模型进行的耐撞性验证表明,该优化结构让碰撞加速度与结构变形量同步最优化,大大增加了纯电动汽车正面碰撞的安全性,优化出的抗撞结构为纯电动汽车正面耐撞性设计提供了一定的参考。In order to solve the problem of the poor frontal collision safety of pure electric vehicles, a multi-objective crashworthiness topology optimization method was proposed which considered vehicle optimization area and power battery layout analysis under five typical collision conditions. Based on the hybrid cellular automata(HCA) algorithm, the topology optimization for crashworthiness used the element relative density as design variable, aimed to unify the distribution of the internal energy density, and carried out the material distribution using the density approach under the solid isotropic material with penalization model(SIMP). After iteration convergence, the superior path of force transmission and clear crashworthiness structure of the body were obtained. Meanwhile, the energy absorbing longitudinal beam shape which met the vehicle performance requirements was obtained. The collision verification of the optimized automotive model shows that the optimization structure allows the collision acceleration and the structural deformation to be optimized synchronously, which can greatly increase the safety of the frontal collision of the pure electric vehicle. And the optimized anti-collision structure can provide a reference for the crashworthiness design of the frontal structure of pure electric vehicle.

关 键 词：拓扑优化 纯电动汽车 耐撞性 传力路径 抗撞结构 

分 类 号：U469.722[机械工程—车辆工程]