拨乱反正与改革开放:总体公共政策的理论解释及“一个人的40年”  

“Bring Things Back to Order” VS.“Reform and Open-Up”:A Theoretical Account of General Public Policy(GPP)and “One Man's 40 Years”

作　　者：陈社英[1] CHEN Sheying

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会工作研究中心

出　　处：《领导科学论坛》2018年第21期5-14,共10页The Forum of Leadership Science

摘　　要：为了更全面深入地认识改革开放的历史地位和作用,文章概述总体公共政策(GPP)理论解释的观点。1978年拨乱反正(摈弃"以阶级斗争为纲",即"经济国家"去极端政治化)之根本重要性,新的"以经济建设为中心"GPP造成整个社会的经济化,启动中国经济超常发展。但改革开放随之导致经济国家本身去经济化;2006年十六届六中全会以来,中国GPP发生再次转变(即逐步上升为"以经济建设为基础、社会经济全面动态平衡发展"),进入一个新的历史时期(即后经济国家时代)。中国已不再是改革开放头二十年宁可牺牲其他利益原则也要保持GDP高速增长的经济国家;中国也不会变成一个福利国家(即GPP仍要坚持以经济建设为基础)。过去的不平衡发展和以后既要求充分又要求平衡的战略格局,以中共十九大为历史分水岭。GPP则为新时代"主义"与"问题"之争增加了一个新的研究维度。文章还借"一个人的40年"口述历史角度,从草根层面反映国家治理的变迁,从亲历见证的社会政治经济脉络中给出更为直接的启发,并结合笔者求学治学的经历,为GPP的研究提供一个国际比较视野。In order to achieve a better understanding of the historical role of “reform and open-up”,this article provides a theoretical account by introducing the study of general public policy (GPP).The fundamental importance of “bring things back to order” in 1978 is emphasized, which was the de-politicization of the “economic state” by replacing “class struggle as the key link” with a new GPP of “economic construction as the center”,causing extreme economization of the whole society and starting high-speed development of the Chinese economy.An ensuing reform and open-up led to the de-economization of the economic state itself;after the 6th Plenary Session of the 16th CCP Congress,China’s GPP had been transformed again(gradually upgrading to“balanced socioeconomic development based on economic construction”),leading the country into a new historical era of post-economic state.China is no longer the economic state in its first 20 years of “Reform and Open-Up”,which would maintain a high growth rate of GDP at the cost of its other interests and principles.China will not become a welfare state either (its GPP is still based on economic construction).The imbalance of its past development will be succeeded by a development strategy seeking both sufficiency and balance after the determination of the 19th Congress of CCP.Theoretically,GPP adds a new dimension of study to the historical debate between“-isms”vs.“problems”in the new era.By providing an oral history of“one man’s 40 years”,the article reflects on the change of national governance from a grass-roots viewpoint,drawing lessons from personal experiences and observations within social,political and economic contexts. The author’s cross- cultural study also offers an international comparative perspective on GPP research.

关 键 词：拨乱反正 改革开放 总体公共政策(GPP) 后经济国家 充分又平衡发展战略 社会治理与福利 口述历史 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]