虹鳟和硬头鳟早期幼鱼渗透生理及能量平衡的比较研究  

Comparative Studies of Osmophysiology and Energy Budget Between Juvenile Rainbow(Oncorhynchus mykiss)and Steelhead Trout(O. mykiss)

作　　者：熊莹槐 杨静雯 董双林[1,2] 王芳 王鑫[1] 周演根 XIONG Ying-Huai;YANG Jing-Wen;DONG Shuang-Lin;WANG Fang;WANG Xin;ZHOU Yan-Gen(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China;Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266235,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266235

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第3期47-56,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572634;31702364);山东省重点研发项目(2016CYJS04A01;2017CXGC0106)资助~~

摘　　要：在0、5、10、15、20、25和30这7个盐度下比较研究了初始体重分别为(3.55±0.03)g陆封型虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和(3.57±0.07)g溯河型硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的渗透压生理及能量平衡。40天的研究显示:(1)随盐度的升高虹鳟和硬头鳟的血清渗透压和离子浓度均升高,且S30组的数值显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);在S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟血清渗透压、离子浓度均显著高于硬头鳟(P<0.05)。(2)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的Na+-K+-ATP酶(NKA)和Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATP酶(CMA)活性最低;在S10、S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟的NKA和CMA均显著高于硬头鳟(P<0.05)。(3)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的肌肉和鳃组织ATP含量最高;在S10、S15、S20和S25组,硬头鳟ATP均显著高于虹鳟(P<0.05)。(4)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的肌肉和鳃组织AMP/ATP和ADP/ATP最低,在S10、S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟AMP/ATP和ADP/ATP均显著高于硬头鳟(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,3.6g左右硬头鳟渗透调节能力强于虹鳟,经过逐渐驯化它们最适生长盐度分别为10和5。Effects of salinity on osmophysiology and energy budget of juvenile landlocked rainbow trout and anadromous steelhead trout were studied.Seven salinity treatments were 0,5,10,15,20,25,and 30.Initial size of rainbow and steelhead trout was 3.6 g.After a 40-day trial,serum osmolality and ion of rainbow and steelhead trout tended to increase with salinity increase,serum osmolality and ion in the S30 treatment were significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05).In the S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,serum osmolality and ion of rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of steelhead trout(P<0.05).The activity of Na^+-K^+-ATP(NKA)and Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP(CMA)of rainbow and steelhead trout gained the minimum in S5 and S10 treatments,respectively.In the S10,S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,the activities of NKA and CMA of rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of steelhead trout(P<0.05).The ATP content of rainbow and steelhead trout muscle and gill was the highest in S5 and S10 treatments,respectively.In the S10,S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,the ATP content of steelhead trout was significantly higher than that of rainbow trout(P<0.05).The AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP of rainbow and steelhead trout muscle and gill gained the minimum in S5 and S10 treatments,respectively.In the S10,S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,the AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP of rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of steelhead trout(P<0.05).The results indicated that the salinity adaptation of the juvenile anadromous steelhead trout was slightly higher than that of the juvenile landlocked rainbow trout,and salinities of 10 and 5 were suitable for the juvenile culture of the fishes,respectively.

关 键 词：虹鳟 硬头鳟 盐度 渗透压 血清离子 ATP酶 能量平衡 

分 类 号：S965.232[农业科学—水产养殖]