一种新型铁路轨道检测小车的设计与分析  

Design and Analysis of a New Kind of Railway Track Detection Trolley

作　　者：付文龙 王培俊[1] 李文涛[1] 郑小江 陈亚东 FU Wenlong;WANG Peijun;LI Wentao;ZHENG Xiaojiang;CHEN Yadong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,610031)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2019年第3期300-305,共6页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51305368);四川省科技支撑计划资助项目(19ZDYF2171)

摘　　要：针对目前轨道手工检测效率低下、检测项目单一和高速轨道检测小车普及率不高的现状,为适应光学视觉检测需要,设计了一种可折叠的轻量化半T形检测小车,以同时满足激光检测和三维结构光检测的需求。为解决普遍存在的轨道检测小车车架与钢轨纵向难以保证垂直的问题,设计了柔性侧压机构,使车架不发生偏移。应用D-H法构建运动学模型,求解机构末端侧压轮的正运动学问题,论证了柔性侧压机构的侧压轮能紧贴钢轨内侧面以适应各种轨道的轨距变化。为小车建立力学分析模型,确保小车在静态下不会侧翻、脱轨,验证了机构设计的合理性。制造了物理样机,并进行了现场试验。结果表明,检测小车运行时垂直度好、自调节能力强,满足检测要求。Aiming at the current situations of low efficiency of manual track detection,single detection items and low penetration rate of high-speed track detection vehicles,a collapsible lightweight semi-T-shaped detection vehicle was designed to meet the requirements of optical vision detection,which could meet the requirements of laser detection and three-dimensional structural light detection.To solve the common problems that were difficult to guarantee the verticality between the track detection trolley frame and the rail longitudinal direction,a flexible side pressure mechanism was designed,which was mounted on the track detection trolley to prevent the frame deviation.Then,the D-H method was used to construct a kinematics model for solving the forward kinematics problems of the side pressure wheel at the end of the mechanism,and proved that side pressure wheel of flexible side pressure mechanism could contact tightly with inner side of rail to adapt the changes of the gauge.In order to ensure that the trolley would not roll over and derail in the static states,the mechanics analysis model of the trolley was established to verify the rationality of mechanism design.Finally,the physical prototype of the detection trolley was made and tested at the railway sites.Field tests show that the detection trolley has good verticality and self-adjusting ability to meet the inspection requirements.

关 键 词：轨道检测 轨道检测小车 光学检测 仿真 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]