建筑因子对城市湖泊温度效应的模拟研究——以湖南烈士公园湖泊为例  

Simulation Study on the Effect of Building Factors on Urban Lake Temperature:Take Hunan Martyrs Park Lake as An Example

作　　者：戴茜 陈存友[1] 胡希军[1] 胡颖炫 DAI Qian;CHEN Cunyou;HU Xijun;HU Yingxuan(Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第1期106-116,共11页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(13C1135);国家林业局"十三五"重点学科(风景园林学)(林人发[2016]21号);中南林业科技大学高等学校"十三五"专业综合改革试点项目(城乡规划学)

摘　　要：伴随着城市化进程加快,城市快速扩展、人类活动加剧引发了诸多生态环境问题,其中城市热环境问题尤为突出,而城市湖泊在改善城市小气候方面有着重要的影响。选取湖南烈士公园湖泊作为研究对象,采用定点实测与CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)模拟相结合的方法,重点讨论了建筑后退湖岸距离、建筑高度以及建筑间距对湖泊温度效应的影响程度。结果表明:(1)湖泊周边建筑是影响夏季湖泊降温效应的因素之一,主要原因是建筑会降低来流风速,且建筑表面对太阳辐射的吸收和反射会抵消湖泊带来的降温作用;(2)仅改变建筑后退湖岸距离,而不改变建筑高度及布局,无法扩大湖泊降温效应的影响范围;(3)随建筑高度增大,湖泊周边温度效应的消极作用越大,削弱了湖泊的降温效应,当湖南烈士公园周边400m内建筑增加1倍时,区域温度升高0.82℃;(4)湖泊周边不同的建筑布局方式会影响城市湖泊温度效应,表现为行列式>周边式>点状式,仅增大建筑间距会增大建筑群对周边区域的辐射影响范围,使得受建筑影响的高温区面积增大。综上,若要削弱建筑因子对城市湖泊温度效应的负面影响,需综合考虑湖区周边建筑据湖岸距离、高度、布局多个因素,才能将湖泊的降温效应发挥到最大。该研究结果对于加深湖泊在改善城市小气候方面的认识以及城市湖泊区域的规划建设具有重要参考价值。With the acceleration of urbanization process,the rapid expansion of cities and the intensification of human activities have caused many ecological and environmental problems.Among which,the urban thermal environment problems are prominent and the urban lakes have a significant influence on improving the urban microclimate.This paper took Hunan Martyrs Park Lake as a research object,the combination of fixed-point measurement and CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)simulation wasapplied.The effect of distance from the lake bank,the building height and the building spacing on the temperature effect of the lake was discussed.The results showed that:(1)the surrounding building was one of the factors that affect the cooling effect of the lake in summer.The main reason was that the building would hinder the wind speed of the incoming flow and the absorption and reflection of solar radiation on the building surface would offset the cooling effect of the lake temperature effect.(2)Only changing the distance of retreating lakeshore of the building without altering the height and layout of the building,would it not expand the effect range of the lake cooling effect.(3)As the height of the building increasing,the negative effect of the temperature effect around the lake was greater,thus the cooling effect of the lake was reduced.When the buildings around Hunan Martyrs Park was doubled within 400 m scope,the regional temperature would rise by 0.82℃.And(4)different architectural layouts around lakes would affect the temperature effect of urban lakes which showed that determinant >perimitric pattern >spot irradiating-type,only increasing the building space would increase the radiation effect of the building groups on the surrounding area,thus increased the high-temperature area affected by the building.Therefore,in order to weaken the negative impact of building factors on the temperature effect of urban lakes,it is necessary to comprehensively consider multiple factors including the distance to the lakeshore,the height and lay

关 键 词：城市 湖泊 温度效应 建筑高度 建筑间距 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]