据古文字资料再论《论语·雍也》“君子可逝”句  

A Further Discussion on the Sentence of “Junzi Ke Shi” in Lunyu Based on Archaic Chinese Characters

作　　者：袁金平[1] 李丽珠 Yuan Jinping;Li Lizhu(College of Art and Communication,China Three Georges University,Yichang Hubei 443002;School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan Hubei 430079)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学文学与传媒学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《语言科学》2019年第1期81-96,共16页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(14BZS008)的资助

摘　　要：《论语·雍也》"君子可逝也"一句中的"逝"字,历来学者多从汉儒之说,训为"往"。清人俞樾持不同观点,认为"逝"当读为"折",当代学者洪波赞成此说并为之论证。《论语》出土文献的发现与刊布,为正确揭示文本真义提供了契机。定州汉墓竹简中该句作"君子可選","選"对应于今本"逝"。在前人研究的基础上,文章结合出土文献材料中"?"声字可读入月部(如"逝"、"噬"等)亦可读为元部(如"衍"、"遣"等)的用字现象,着重探讨"逝"、"選"异文形成的原因。主要结论是,"君子可逝也"之"逝"在早期底本中可能写作"?"声字,后世不同的传抄者依据自身的阅读习惯将之转写成"逝"或"選";"選"、"遣"音义关系颇为密切,在《论语》该句中当理解为"遣送"、"打发"之义。The word“shi”(逝)as in the sentence of“junzi ke shi ye”(君子可逝也),has been interpeted as“wang”(往)(to go)by the scholars from Han dynasty.But Yu Yue,a scholar from Qing dynasty,held a different opinion that shi should be interpreted as“she”(折)(devastated),a view supported by the later scholar Hong Bo.The unearthed documents of Lu-nyu published so far provided an opportunity for revealing the meaning of Lunyu text.In the Han bamboo-slip analects from Dingzhou,the word“shi”is written as“xuan”(選)(send).Based on previous studies and the usages of phonetic sign(■)in many unearthed documents which reads as“yue”(月)or“yuan”(元)rhymes in archaic Chinese phonemes,this paper focuses on how the variants of shi and xuan are formed.The main conclusion of this paper is that the word“shi”may be written as the character with phonetic sign in the early master copy.This sign was transferred as shi or xuan by various subsequent copiers with different reading habits.And the words“xuan”and“qian”(遣)close in pronunciation and meaning should interpreted as“qiansong”(遣送)or“dafa”(打发)in the sentence found in Lunyu.

关 键 词：君子可逝 選 异文 古文字 用字 

分 类 号：H121[语言文字—汉语]