论采用脑死亡标准的伦理挑战  

Discussion on Ethical Challenge of Adopting Brain Death Standard

作　　者：周吉银 刘丹 ZHOU Jiyin;LIU Dan(National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Second Affiliated Hospital ofArmy Medical University, Chongqing 400037)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学第二附属医院国家药物临床试验机构,重庆400037

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2019年第2期195-198,共4页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：2017年陆军军医大学人文社会科学基金"临床科研项目伦理跟踪审查质量建设"(2017XRW23)

摘　　要：心死亡一直被认为是死亡的唯一标准,脑死亡标准出现至今才30年,不同国家制定稍有不同的脑死亡标准。我国已制定脑死亡标准,执行脑死亡标准有利于维护逝者尊严、科学地判定死亡、卫生资源的合理利用、器官移植的开展和道德、法律责任的确定。生命自主抉择、动机纯正、严谨和审慎的原则是确立脑死亡作为死亡标准的伦理原则。推广脑死亡标准存在的挑战包括脑死亡法律缺失、死亡告知与知情同意难度大等,可采取强化知情同意、提升医生专业技能、向普通大众宣讲脑死亡标准和推行伦理审查等对策加以解决。Heart death has been considered as the sole standard of death. It has been only 30 years since the emergence of the standard of brain death. Different countries have formulated slightly different brain death standard. China has established brain death standard. The implementation of brain death standards is conducive tosafeguardingof the dignity of the deceased,judging the death scientifically, making rational use of health resources, carrying out organ transplantation and determining moral and legal responsibilities. The principles of self-determination of life, pure motivation, rigor and prudence are the ethical principles of establishing brain death as the standard of death. The challenges of promoting brain death standards include the lack of law on brain death, the difficulty of death notification and informed consent, etc.It can be solved by strengthening informed consent, improving the professional skills of doctors, publicizing brain death standards to the general public and carrying out ethical review.

关 键 词：脑死亡 心死亡 死亡标准 伦理原则 伦理审查 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]