稻麦变量施肥机控制系统设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Control System for Rice and Wheat Variable Rate Fertilizer Applicator

作　　者：戚武振 王金星[1,2] 刘双喜[1,2] 王玉亮[1,2] 王震[1] 赵庚星[3] Qi Wuzhen;Wang Jinxing;Liu Shuangxi;Wang Yuliang;Wang Zhen;Zhao Gengxing(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China;College of Mechanical and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学山东省园艺机械与装备重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,山东泰安271018 [3]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《农机化研究》2019年第8期72-79,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2016YF007);山东现代农业产业技术体系水稻创新团队资助项目;"双一流"奖补资金项目(SYL2017XTTD14)

摘　　要：针对稻麦变量施肥智能化程度低、通信系统可靠性和兼容性差等问题,研究设计了一种稻麦变量施肥机控制系统。该系统以CAN总线通讯作为现场总线,实现各控制节点之间的实时通信;通过GPS导航和处方图得到当前位置需肥量,根据变量施肥数学模型,通过步进电机节点实时调节外槽轮排肥器开度,实现施肥变量调节。试验结果表明:该系统机械结构设计合理,动作响应迅速,定位精准,各行排肥器之间排肥量变异系数最大为1. 78%,变量施肥精度达97%以上,作业效果良好。其控制程序稳定可靠,各控制节点之间通信及时、准确,整机设计合理,系统工作稳定,智能化程度高,各项技术指标满足农艺要求。In order to solve the problems of rice and wheat variable rate fertilization,such as low intelligence level,poor reliability and compatibility of communication system,a control system for rice and wheat variable rate fertilizer applicator was designed.The system used CAN bus communication as the field bus to realize the real-time communication between the control nodes.The carrier phase difference technique was used to obtain the position of the tractor in the field,and the amount of the current position was obtained by combining the prescription map.The mathematical model of variable fertilization with practical significance was obtained through calculation and experimental calibrating.The stepper motor regulates the opening of the fluted roller feed distributor and realizes the variable rate fertilizer application.The test results showed that the communication between the nodes of the system is stable and reliable.The adjustment mechanism of the system is quick in response and accurate in positioning.The design of the whole machine is reasonable and the system work is stable,the precision of variable fertilization is more than 93%,and the technical indexes meet the agronomic requirements.

关 键 词：稻麦 变量施肥 CAN总线通讯 施肥模型 外槽轮排肥器 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]