烟台农村地区地下水硝酸盐污染状况与健康风险评估  

Analysis of groundwater nitrate pollution and health risk assessment in rural reas of Yantai

作　　者：王松松[1] 于桂梅[1] 刘磊[1] 徐建军[1] 李芸 张艺[1] 王玖 阎西革 WANG Songsong;YU Guimei;LIU Lei;XYU Jianjun;LI Yun;ZHANG Yi;WANG Jiu;YAN Xige(Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yantai,Shandong264003,China;Binzhou Medical College,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省烟台市疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台264003 [2]滨州医学院公共卫生与管理学院

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2019年第1期46-50,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2017年度山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2017WS570)

摘　　要：目的通过近年来对烟台市农村饮用水卫生监测,分析该地区硝酸盐的健康风险。方法 2014—2017年,对烟台农村地区生活饮用水按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)常规指标进行检测,采用主成分分析方法分析地下水化学物质与硝酸盐的关系,运用HHRA模型对地下水硝酸盐通过饮水途径和接触途径造成的人体健康风险进行评估。结果 2014—2017年共检测2 348份水样。硝酸盐与溶解性总固体、总硬度、氯化物均有相关性,上述指标可能同源;各组暴露风险由高到低排序为:未成年人>成年女性>成年男性;未成年人、成年人的危险商数HQ_(50)、HQ_(95)值均超过1。结论初步认为烟台农村地区硝酸盐的超标是地质因素与化肥的使用共同造成的;未成年人、成年人群体暴露于硝酸盐的风险均超出限值,其HQ超过1,需引起警惕。Objective To analyze the health risks of nitrate in rural areas of Yantai through monitoring the drinking water in these areas in recent years.Methods From 2014 to 2017,the drinking water in rural areas of Yantai was tested according to the"Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water"(GB5749-2006).Principal component analysis was used to analyze the relationship between groundwater chemicals and nitrate.The HHRA model was used to assess human health risks of groundwater nitrate through drinking water and skin contact exposure routes.Results A total of 2 348 samples were tested from 2014 to 2017.Nitrate was related to total dissolved solids,total hardness,and chloride.These indicators may be homologous;the risk of exposure in each group was ranked from high to low as:minor >adult female >adult male;risk quotient HQ50 and HQ95 for minors and adults all exceeded 1.Conclusion The high concentration of nitrate in rural areas of Yantai may be caused by the use of fertilizers and geological factors.The risk of exposure to nitrate in minors and adults exceeds the safe limit with an HQ over 1,which is reason for concern.

关 键 词：硝酸盐 饮用水途径 接触途径 健康风险评估模型 危害商数 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]