常识性知识和语篇语境对代词指认的影响  

The effects of discourse context and world knowledge on pronoun resolution

作　　者：吴岩 高约飞 赵思敏 王穗苹 WU Yan;GAO Yuefei;ZHAO Simin;WANG Suiping(School of Psychology,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China);School of Psychology,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学心理学院,长春130024 [2]华南师范大学心理学院,广州510631

出　　处：《心理学报》2019年第3期293-303,共11页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31500878;31571136);国家哲学社会科学重点研究项目(15AZD048)资助

摘　　要：本研究围绕中文代词理解中,读者的常识性知识和语篇语境的作用以及作用时程这一问题展开。实验1首先探讨在中文阅读理解中,职业性别倾向这种常识性信息是否能对代词的指认产生早期影响。存在一致和冲突(如警卫-他;警卫-她)两个实验条件,结果在凝视时间、重读时间和总阅读时间上都发现了职业性别倾向所引发的性别冲突效应。实验2在实验1基础上增加一个代词(如:警卫-他-他;警卫-她-她),考察更正后的信息,即文本语境内容是否可以覆盖常识的作用对代词加工产生影响。结果发现语篇语境确实可以覆盖常识性信息的作用,对代词加工产生早期影响。但是,职业性别倾向这种常识性知识仍然在代词加工的后期阶段发挥作用。考虑到代词所形成的语境较为含蓄,实验3中采用更明确的方式来界定职业名称的性别,例如男艺人、爸爸等,然后再出现一个代词,代词的性别始终和先前的性别描述一致,而与职业性别倾向冲突,这样也存在一致和冲突两个条件(例如:保姆-妻子-她,警卫-妻子-她),结果发现只有更正后的语境信息对代词加工产生影响,职业性别倾向不再发挥作用。说明在中文这种高语境依赖性的语言文字中,语境可以覆盖常识性知识对代词加工产生早期作用。但是,语境作用的持续性问题会受到语篇语境中性别信息明确程度的影响。Pronoun resolution can play a vital role in narrative comprehension.Understanding nature of pronoun resolution can help us to learn more about the cognitive processes underlying comprehension.Studies have shown that comprehension processes will be interrupted when a pronoun mismatches its prior context or the gender stereotype of its antecedent.This indicates that discourse context and world knowledge about gender stereotype can play an important role in pronoun resolution.Recently,researchers tried to combine these two factors together and to examine which factor is crucial to the pronoun resolution.The most controversial issue is that whether the discourse context could override the world knowledge which was told to be wrong by the passage,and exert earlier influence on the pronoun resolution.Therefore,the present study examined the effects of context and world knowledge as well as its time course on pronoun resolution with eye tracking measures.In the Experiment 1,participants were asked to read the discourse with a personal pronoun congruent or incongruent with the gender stereotype of its antecedent,an occupation name.The results revealed that reading times(including gaze,second reading time and total reading time)increased when the gender of the pronoun mismatched with the gender stereotype of its antecedent.In the Experiment 2,another personal pronoun indicating the gender of the antecedent would be inserted into the discourse as the prior context to update the readers’gender stereotype of the occupation name.Therefore,readers would meet two identical personal pronouns while reading the passage.The first pronoun provided the updated gender information for the second pronoun.Again,the results of the first pronoun indicated that the gender stereotype of occupation could influence pronoun processing immediately.As for the second pronoun,the complicated results showed discourse context had an early influence on resolution of pronouns,but with the processing went on,the gender stereotype of occupation continu

关 键 词：代词 语境 常识性知识 职业性别倾向 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]