疾跑时股后肌群的生物力学特征——对拉伤危险时相的分析  

Biomechanical Characteristics of Hamstring Muscle during Sprinting——Analysis of the Potential for Hamstring Injury

作　　者：万祥林 曲峰[1] 刘卉[1] 于冰[2] WAN Xianglin;QU Feng;LIU Hui;YU Bing(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina 27599,USA.)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校,北卡罗来纳27599

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2019年第2期70-75,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81572212);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(2018RC009)

摘　　要：目的:旨在通过分析疾跑过程中下肢和股后肌群的生物力学特征参数,探讨股后肌群拉伤的危险时相,进一步深入了解疾跑时股后肌群拉伤的机制。方法:有短跑训练经历的大学生男、女各20名,采集受试者疾跑时的运动学、地面反作用力和肌电数据以及10°/s的等速向心屈膝练习时的力矩和运动学数据,进而获得下肢的关节角度、净力矩、关节功率、股后肌群肌肉应变和激活特征等参数。结果:疾跑时股后肌群3块双关节肌的应变峰值出现在步态周期的90%左右。性别对疾跑时肌肉最大应变影响的主效应不显著(P=0.387),股二头肌长头(P=0.002)和半腱肌(P=0.029)的最大应变大于半膜肌。结论:疾跑时股后肌群最大应变出现在摆动阶段末期,提示,股后肌群拉伤更易发生于疾跑摆动末期。疾跑时股后肌群最大应变无性别差异。疾跑时股后肌群各肌肉最大应变不同,这可能是疾跑时各肌肉拉伤率不同的原因之一。Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the potential for hamstring injury during sprinting by investigating the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremities and ham-string muscle.Methods:20 males and 20 females with sprint training experience participated this study.Isokinetic strength data,three-dimensional kinematic data in a hamstring isokinetic test,and kinematic and ground reaction forces data in a sprinting test were collected for each participant.The lower extremity joint torques and power,hamstring muscle strains and linear envelop EMG data were determined.Results:Hamstring muscle strains reach peaks at approximately 90%of gait cycle.The ANOVA showed no significant main effect of gender on peak muscle strain(P=0.387),and the peak muscle strains of biceps long head and semitendinosus were greater than that of semimem-branosus(P=0.002 and P=0.029).Conclusion:The potential for hamstring muscle strain injury may occur during late swing phase of sprinting.There is no difference in the peak hamstring strains in sprinting between genders.The magnitudes of peak muscle strains are different among hamstring muscles in sprinting,which may explain the different injury rate among hamstring muscles.

关 键 词：肌肉拉伤 损伤机制 肌肉生物力学 肌肉应变 骨骼肌肉模型 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]