竞技能力发展阶段对青少年足球教练员实施训练调控的影响研究  

Influence of the Development Stage of Competitive Ability on the Training Regulation of Youth Football Coaches

作　　者：李强[1] LI Qiang(School of Sports Training Sciences,Tianjin University of Sports,Tianjin 301617,China)

机构地区：[1]天津体育学院运动训练科学学院,天津301617

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2018年第5期433-440,共8页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目(项目编号:TJTY16-012)

摘　　要：研究目的:调查执教3个竞技能力发展阶段16名青少年足球教练员实施训练调控和相应认知过程。应用修订后的青少年足球教练员执教观察表收集和分析教练员的训练调控数据,采用半结构式访谈了解和分析教练员对训练调控的认知过程。研究结果:(1)执教运动员所处竞技能力发展阶段的年龄越小使用规定指令性训练调控方式越多;竞技能力发展阶段年龄越大使用引导启发性训练调控方式越多;高中竞技能力发展阶段责罚性训练调控方式明显多于初中和小学竞技能力发展阶段(P<0.05)。青少年足球教练员没有把沉默当作一种有意识的训练调控方式。青少年足球训练调控方式受到"传统训练"理念的束缚。(2)执教竞技能力发展年龄较小阶段的教练员更多使用"直接式"训练调控模式,执教竞技能力发展年龄较大阶段的运动员更多使用"情境式"训练调控模式。教练员把"情境式"训练调控模式的训练内容异化为"直接式"训练调控模式是青少年训练面临的问题之一。(3)教练员访谈结果显示,影响教练员训练调控认知过程的不是所执教运动员的竞技能力发展阶段,而是教练员的训练理念、以往的经历和所处情境的压力决定了他们所采用的训练调控模式与方式。The purpose of this study was to investigate the training regulation and cognitive processes of 16 youth soccer coaches across 3 different development stage of competitive ability. Systematic observation data were collected using a modified version of the Coach Analysis and Intervention System which provided adetailed analysis of training regulation performed during practice. Semi-structured interview was used to understand and analyze the coach’s cognitive processof training regulation. The results showed that the coaches of the younger age groups used more training regulation behavior of prescriptive,and the coaches ofthe older age groups used more guidance and inspiration training regulation behavior. In high school,the punitive behaviors is obviously more than in middleschool and primary school(P<0.05). Youth football coaches don’t take silence as a conscious training regulation behavior. The regulation behavior of youth foot-ball training is restricted by the concept of "traditional training". The coaches of the younger age groups used more direct training patterns than the coaches ofthe older age groups who used more situational training patterns. It is one of the problems that the coaches change the training content of situational training pat-terns to direct training patterns. The interview results showed that it is not the development stage of athletes’ competitive ability that affects the cognitive processof training regulation,but the coaches’ training concept,past experience and the pressure of the environment that determines the training regulation behavior and patterns they adopt.

关 键 词：竞技能力 青少年 足球教练员 训练调控 

分 类 号：G808.14[文化科学—体育训练]