间歇静态拉伸训练对跖屈肌神经-生物力学特征的急性和慢性影响  

Acute and Chronic Effects of Intermittent Static Stretch Training on Neural Biomechanical Properties of Plantar Flexors

作　　者：井兰香 尹兆友 朱青[1] 刘桦玮 赵文楠[1] 高士强 JING Lanxiang;YIN Zhaoyou;ZHU Qing;LIU Huawei;ZHAO Wennan;GAO Shiqiang(School of PE,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066044,China)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学体育学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2018年第6期508-515,共8页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：河北省哲学社会科学基金项目(项目编号:HB16TY022)

摘　　要：目的:测试间歇跖屈肌静态拉伸训练前和训练停止后不同时期男性青年排球运动员踝关节运动学、动力学、神经反射和肌肉活性数据,观察间歇静态拉伸训练对跖屈肌神经-生物力学特征的急性和慢性影响,并分析影响因素。方法:将22名健康男性青年排球运动员随机分为试验组和对照组,对试验组进行为期8周的跖屈肌间歇静态拉伸训练,分别于训练前、停训后第1周和停训后第5周,测试比目鱼肌诱发电位、踝关节动力学及原地垂直纵跳动作相关参数。结果:试验组停训后第1周H/T反射显著降低,停训后第5周没有显著差异;停训后第1周和第5周最大背屈角度显著增加,跖屈肌被动刚度和滞后显著降低;停训后第1周和第5周纵跳腿刚度显著降低。结论:间歇静态拉伸训练急性期主要通过抑制紧张性反射、降低跖屈肌被动刚度和滞后提高踝关节柔韧性;停训后慢性期降低了的跖屈肌被动刚度和滞后是维持踝关节较高柔韧性的主要因素;停训后急性和慢性期降低了的离心收缩加速度和腿刚度是影响跖屈肌爆发力发展的重要因素。Objects: The purpose of this paper was to measure ankle kinematics,dynamics,nervous reflex data of mail young volleyball athletes before and after intermittent static stretch training of plantar flexors,research the acute and chronic effects of interval static stretch training on neural biomechanical properties of their plantar flexors,and analyze the influence factors.Methods:22 mail volleyball athletes were randomly divided into two groups: training and control group.Intermittent static stretch training of plantar-flexors was used on training group for 8 weeks.Before,1st and 5th week after training respectively,the soleus evoked potential,ankle dynamics and parameters during countermovement jump(CMJ) were tested.Results:H/T-reflex were significantly decreased in 1st,but not 5th week,after training.1st and 5th week after training,maximum dorsiflex angle were obviously elevated,plantar flexors' passive stiffness and hysteresis were obviously lowered and leg stiffness was significantly decreased.Conclusions: During the acute period after intermittent static stretch training of plantarflexors,the ankle flexibility was elevated mainly through inhibition of tonic reflex,decreasing passive stiffness and hysteresis of plantar flexors.During the chronic period,higher ankle flexibility was still kept mainly because of the lower passive stiffness and hysteresis.Explosive force was reduced mainly because of the decreased eccentric acceleration and leg stiffness during the acute and chronic period after static stretch training.

关 键 词：间歇静态拉伸 跖屈肌 反射 刚度 滞后 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]