蜜蜂级型分化机理  

Mechanisms of caste differentiation in honeybees

作　　者：李茫 赵方媛 曾志将[1] 王子龙[1] LI Mang;ZHAO Fang-Yuan;ZENG Zhi-Jiang;WANG Zi-Long(Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所,南昌330045

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2019年第1期83-89,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基因项目(31402147)

摘　　要：蜜蜂是整个大自然生态系统中不可或缺的一部分,能有效地为多种植物和农作物授粉。蜜蜂是典型的真社会性昆虫,其生殖劳动分工现象有重要进化意义。而级型分化是导致劳动分工的一个重要因素,蜜蜂级型分化现象的机理研究已成为目前重要的研究热点之一。本文对近年来蜜蜂级型分化机理方面的研究进展进行了综述。国内外很多学者从营养、激素、基因表达、蛋白质和表观遗传等方面对蜜蜂级型分化机理进行了研究。蜂王浆中富含的57 kDa、蜂王幼虫期充足的食物量以及蜂王幼虫期高滴度的保幼激素(JH)和蜕皮激素(MA)等都可促进蜂王卵巢的发育以及诱导蜂王表型产生;而工蜂浆中富含的双香豆酸可诱使工蜂表型的产生。近年研究表明,表皮生长因子受体(Egfr)、胰岛素受体底物基因(Irs)、雷帕霉素基因(Tor)和甲基转移酶3(Dnmt3)等基因均可影响蜂王和工蜂的分化;蛋白质表达谱分析表明,不同时间点的蜂王幼虫和工蜂幼虫表达的差异蛋白质很多;表观遗传分析表明,DNA甲基化、microRNAs以及组蛋白乙酰化均是导致蜂王和工蜂级型分化的因素。此外,发育空间和蜂王浆均可通过调控基因的DNA甲基化水平影响蜜蜂幼虫的级型分化。Honeybees are an important part in the natural ecosystem and they can pollinating for many natural plants and crops effectively. As typical highly social insects, the reproductive division of labor in honeybees is of great significance in evolution. Caste differentiation is a significant factor for labor division, and research on its mechanism is one of the most important hotspots. In this article, we reviewed the research progress on the mechanism of honeybee caste differentiation in recent years.There are a lot of researches on the mechanism of honey bees caste differentiation from the aspects of nutrition, hormone, gene expression, protein and epigenetics. The 57 kDa protein enriched in royal jelly, sufficient amount of food in the queen larvae, and high titer of juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysone (MA) in the queen larvae all can promote the development of the queens ovary and induce the development of queen phenotype. On the other hand, the dicoumaric acid which is enriched in the worker jelly can induce the development of worker phenotype. Recent studies showed that epidermal growth factor receptor ( Egfr ), insulin receptor substrate gene ( Irs ),rapamycin gene (Tor ) and methyltransferase 3 (Dnmt3 ) all have an effect on the queen-worker differentiation. Protein expression profile analysis found that many proteins are differential expressed between the queen larvae and the worker larvae at different developmental time points. Epigenetics research indicated that DNA methylation, microRNAs and histone acetylation are the factors leading to queen-worker differentiation. In addition, both the developmental space and royal jelly can regulate caste differentiation of honeybee larvae through regulating DNA methylation level of genes.

关 键 词：级型分化 营养 激素 基因表达 蛋白质 表观遗传 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学] S899[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]