周敦颐《太极图说》哲学阐释的三条路径——以朱熹、黄宗羲、伊藤仁斋为代表  

Three Approaches to Philosophically Interpreting Zhou Dunyi's Interpretation of Taiji Diagram by Zhu Xi, Huang Zongxi and Ito Jinsai

作　　者：连凡[1] LIAN Fan(School of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2019年第2期85-96,共12页Journal of Hengshui University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(17FZX013)

摘　　要：在宇宙本体论阐释上,朱熹以太极为理,黄宗羲以太极为元气,伊藤仁斋以无极为理、以太极为元气,表明周敦颐的太极说处于汉唐的太极元气说与宋代的太极理本论间的过渡阶段。在修养工夫论阐释上,仁斋父子批判了朱熹的理性论及其以四德曲解中正仁义的失误,指出朱熹掩盖无欲说的异端本质,同时也不符合孟子的寡欲说,并依据先秦儒学否定了宋儒基于体用论观点的主静说;黄宗羲则认为中正仁义是指性情发而中节,并依据理欲一元论解释了周敦颐的无欲说,进而以循理为静与不妄动说解释了主静。总之,朱熹对《太极图说》的阐释可称为反汉唐古训的理学阐释路径,黄宗羲的阐释可称为反朱学的心学阐释路径,伊藤仁斋的阐释可称为复古反宋学的朴学阐释路径。On the interpretation of the theory of cosmic onto logy,Zhu Xi’s taking taiji as li,Huang Zongxi’s taking taiji as yuanqi,Ito Jinsai’s taking wuji as li and taiji as yuanqi show that Zhou Dunyi’s taiji theory is in the transitional stage from the theory of taiji and yuanqi in the Han and Tang Dynasties to the theory of taiji and li in the Song Dynasty.On the interpretation of the theory of moral cultivation,Jinsai,both the father and the son,criticized Zhu Xi’s theory of rationality and his mistakes in interpreting impartiality,honesty,benevolence and righteousness with four virtues,pointed out that Zhu Xi had concealed the heretical nature of the teachings of no desires,which did not conform to Mencius’teachings of few desires,and,on the basis of Confucianism in Pre-Qin Period,negated the teachings of emphasizing tranquility which are based on the theory of body and function of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty;Huang Zongxi held that what impartiality,honesty,benevolence and righteousness meant was that it was reasonable to express emotions,interpreted Zhou Dunyi’s teachings of no desires based on monism of rationality and desire,and also interpreted the teachings of emphasizing tranquility based on the theory of being tranquil rationally and not acting recklessly.In conclusion,Zhu Xi’sinterpretation of Interpretation of Taiji Diagramcan be regarded as an interpreting approach of Neo-Confucianism which is against the ancient admonitions in the Han and Tang Dynasties,Huang Zongxi’sinterpretation can be regarded as an interpreting approach of the theory of mind which is against Zhuxi’s theory and Ito Jinsai’s interpretation can be regarded as an interpreting approach of simple and plain learning,which is backto-the-ancients and is against Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：周敦颐 《太极图说》 朱熹 黄宗羲 伊藤仁斋 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B313.3