甘州回鹘天公主再考  

Reflection Again on T覿ngri Princess of Ganzhou Uighur Kingdomin Dunhuang

作　　者：杨富学[1] 路虹 YANG Fu-xue;LU Hong(Institute of Humanities, Dunhuang Research Academy, Lanzhou,China Gansu 730030;Faculty of Culture and History,City University of Lanzhou,China Lanzhou, Gansu 730070)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院人文研究部,甘肃兰州730030 [2]兰州城市学院文史学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第1期91-101,共11页Journal of Shihezi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"唐宋回鹘史研究"(14AZD064)

摘　　要：曹议金执掌归义军政权之初,汲取张承奉金山国失败之教训,开始积极争取中原王朝的支持与承认。然敦煌欲与中原王朝取得联系,必须首先改善与扼控河西走廊咽喉的甘州回鹘之紧张关系,和亲便成为最有效的方式,曹议金与甘州回鹘天公主的政治联姻就是在此背景下发生的,至于具体和亲时间,学界众说纷纭。通过背景分析并考辨相关史料,可知和亲时间当在914—916年之间。回鹘天公主历经曹议金、曹元德、曹元深与曹元忠四代节度使,敦煌文献中不同时期对其称号不尽相同。通过敦煌文献中对天公主的赞颂与称号,结合石窟画像和题记,无不显示出其在归义军政权中的尊崇地位,甚至超越曹议金原配而位居第一夫人,这都是政治联姻的作用体现。天公主在归义军中政治影响力的消长始终与两地关系休戚相关,甚至一度以仅次于曹议金的"助治"身份而左右大局。在敦煌生活的近四十年时间里,天公主成为沟通两地的重要桥梁,对于归义军政权的稳定和对外关系的发展起到了至关重要的作用。When Cao Yijin began his reign, he drew lessons from Zhang Chengfeng’s failure in reigning Jinshan Kingdom and began actively to obtain support and admission from Central Regime. When trying to get contact with Central Regime,at first he had to improve the tense relation with Ganzhou Uighur Kingdom and forming marriage relation is the most effective way. The marriage of Cao Yijin to Tangeri Princess took place under such background. About the exact marriage date, there is still difference among scholars. By analyzing the marriage background and investigating on related material, the marriage date can be confirmed between 914 and 916. The princess went through three reign periods of Cao Yijin,Cao Yuande and Cao Yuanzhong and there are different names for her in different periods of Dunhuang literature. By analyzing the praising and names of the princess, the cave paintings and inscriptions, we found that she had a superior position in Guiyi Regime and even took the position of the first lady replacing Cao Yijin’s first wife. All these are the results of political matrimony. The rise and fall of Tangri Pricess’ political influence in the Guiyi Regime is closely related to relation between the two places. She even once reigned the regime with the position of “assistant ruler” which was only second to Cao Yijin. In her living in Dunhuang for nearly 40 years,she became the important bridge in communicating the two places,which played a crucial role in stabilizing the Guiyi Regime and the regime’s opening up.

关 键 词：天公主 曹议金 甘州回鹘 民族关系 

分 类 号：K289[历史地理—历史学]