鱼与中国早期审美意识的形成  

Fish and Aesthetic Consciousness Formation in Pre-Qin Period in China

作　　者：王陶峰 WANG Tao-feng(College of Philosophy,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China;College of Art and Design,Luoyang Normal University,Luoyang 471934,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津300350 [2]洛阳师范学院艺术设计学院,河南洛阳471934

出　　处：《美育学刊》2019年第2期47-52,共6页Journal of Aesthetic Education

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"王肃<诗经>学研究"(16CZW017)的研究成果

摘　　要：先秦时期是中华美学精神的形成和奠基期,鱼等水生动物在先民进入农耕社会之前的物质生产和精神生活中具有重要作用,对鱼习性的观察和饮食味道的体验激发了相关审美意识的萌生。在《诗经》中,鱼从形、色、味等生理感官的欲望之物升华为伦理、礼乐文明的象征,从生命繁衍和男女情爱的隐喻推衍到"以礼节情",在钟鸣鼎食的宴飨诗礼中包含着国家安定、人民富足的政治理想,是儒家重生乐生美学思想的原发点;《庄子》以物喻人,"游鱼之乐"成为道家追求逍遥自由精神的象征。儒家和道家将原发于"鱼"中的审美意识进行礼制化和哲学化的改造,"鱼"从自然生理官能性的欲望之物转化为人的乐生与逍遥精神的象征,塑造了中国人早期的审美意识。Pre-Qin period is the formation and foundation period of Chinese aesthetic spirit.Fish and other aquatic animals played an important role in material production and spiritual life before the ancestors entered the farming society.The observation of fish habits and the experience of dietary taste stimulated the germination of relevant aesthetic consciousness.In the Book of Songs,fish sublimates from the desires of physical senses such as shape,color and taste to the symbols of ethics and ritual and music civilization.In addition,it derives from the metaphor of life reproduction and love between men and women to“courtesy”and contains political ideals of national stability and people’s prosperity in the banquet ritual,which is the primary point of Confucian aesthetic thought of rebirth and happy birth.The pleasure of fishing has become a symbol of Taoist spirit of pursuing freedom and ease.In fact,Confucianism and Taoism transformed the aesthetic consciousness originated from“fish”into a ritual and philosophical one.The“fish”transformed from the desire of natural physiological function into a symbol of people’s happy life and carefree spirit,and shaped the early aesthetic consciousness of Chinese people.

关 键 词：鱼 《诗经》 《庄子》 乐生 逍遥 

分 类 号：B83-09[哲学宗教—美学]