不同盐度季节凡纳滨对虾亲虾生物饵料营养成分测定分析  

Determination and Analysis on Nutritional Components of Living Feeds for Parent Shrimp of Litopenaeus vannamei in Different Salinity Seasons

作　　者：朱昔恩 何苹萍 黎大勇[2] 陈田聪 陈晓汉 谢达祥 韦嫔媛 彭金霞 张彬 ZHU Xi-en;HE Ping-ping;LI Da-yong;CHEN Tian-cong;CHEN Xiao-han;XIE Da-xiang;WEI Pin-yuan;PENG Jin-xia;ZHANG Bin(Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Science,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture,Guangxi Nanning 530021,China;China West Normal University,Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation,Ministry of Education,Sichuan Nanchong 637009,China)

机构地区：[1]广西水产科学研究院广西水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室,广西南宁530021 [2]西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,四川南充637009

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第2期457-462,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系广西南美白对虾创新团队建设专项(nycytxgxcxtd-14-03);广西"八桂学者"建设工程岗位专项资金课题(BGXZ-NMBDX-03);广西水产畜牧科技推广应用项目(桂渔牧科201633032);广西科技重大专项广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目(桂科AA17204094-1);国家虾蟹产业技术体系岗位科学家经费(CARS-48)

摘　　要：【目的】测定比较不同盐度季节下凡纳滨对虾亲虾饵料生物的营养成分组成及差异,分析营养成分的季节性变化与亲虾繁殖性能的相关性,为实现凡纳滨对虾在广西沿海全年稳定高效繁殖提供理论参考。【方法】委托广西分析测试中心对不同盐度季节的沙蚕、鱿鱼和牡蛎等亲虾饵料进行营养成分测定,分别采用火焰发射光谱法、氨基酸自动分析仪和脂肪酸气相色谱法测定微量元素、氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成及含量。【结果】在低盐季节中,饵料牡蛎、鱿鱼和沙蚕中多种矿物质元素(尤其是镁、锌和硒)含量显著降低,但磷含量显著升高,过高的磷含量会抑制其他矿物元素的吸收从而抑制对虾的生长。此外,鱿鱼的必需氨基酸比例仅在高盐季节达到标准,低盐季节未达到FAO/WTO的理想模式,蛋白质量较差。与此同时,3种生物饵料在低盐季节的20∶5n-3(EPA)和22∶6n-3(DHA)含量均呈不同程度的下降,而这两种不饱和脂肪酸与对虾繁殖性能密切相关。【结论】低盐度季节中亲虾鲜活饵料的微量元素含量、必需氨基酸比例及不饱和脂肪酸含量等营养指标显著下降或异常变化,导致饵料营养质量降低,推测其是造成亲虾摄食生长状态和繁殖性能显著降低的重要原因。【Objective】To provide a reference for efficient breeding and production of parent shrimp throughout the year in Guangxi coastal areas,the composition and difference of nutrients in the live feeds of parent shrimp in different salinity seasons were determined,and the correlation between the seasonal variation of nutrient composition and the reproductive performance of broodstock was analyzed.【Method】Guangxi Analytical Testing Center was entrusted to determine the nutrient composition of live feeds for parent shrimp,such as clamworm,squid and oyster,in different salinity seasons.The composition and content of trace elements were determined by flame emission spectroscopy,amino acid composition and content were determined by amino acid automatic analyzer,and fatty acid composition and the content were determined by fatty acid gas chromatography.【Result】The results showed that the contents of various mineral elements(especially magnesium,zinc and selenium)in oyster,squid and clamworm were significantly decreased in the low salinity season.At the same time,there was a significant increase in the phosphorus content in the three kinds of biological baits in the low salinity season.Too high phosphorus content could inhibit the absorption of other mineral elements and the growth of the shrimp.In addition,the proportion of essential amino acids of squid reached the standard only in the season of high salinity.The proportion of essential amino acids of squid in low salinity season did not reach the ideal mode of FAO/WTO,and the quality of protein was poor.Meanwhile,the contents of 20∶5 n-3(EPA)and 22∶6 n-3(DHA)in the three bio-diets decreased in different degrees during the low salinity season,and these two unsaturated fatty acids were closely related to the reproductive performance of shrimp.【Conclusion】Therefore,the nutrient indexes such as the content of microelement,the proportion of essential amino acids and the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the shrimp live foods in the low salinity season we

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 亲虾 繁殖性能 饵料生物 营养成分 

分 类 号：S945.1[农业科学—水产养殖]