基于广义S变换的气云区地震振幅补偿方法  

Seismic amplitude compensation method of gas cloud area based on generalized S-transform

作　　者：张志军 肖广锐 徐德奎 ZHANG Zhijun;XIAO Guangrui;XU Dekui(CNOOC China Limited,Tianjin Branch,Tianjin 300459,China)

机构地区：[1]中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津300459

出　　处：《中国海上油气》2019年第2期62-68,共7页China Offshore Oil and Gas

基　　金：中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司重点科研项目"渤海油田影响地震保幅的典型地质因素与处理技术研究(编号:ZZKY-2014-TJ-01)"部分研究成果

摘　　要：地震波能量被吸收造成地震资料中气云区形成大片的反射"空白区",导致气云区实际地层的Q值难以准确估算,影响了通过Q值反演对气云区衰减能量进行补偿的效果。提出了一种基于广义S变换的时频域气云区地震补偿方法,首先通过广义S变换对地震数据进行分频处理,然后拟合各频段地震资料的衰减函数,最后分别在时间域、频率域对各频段地震资料进行补偿。该方法避免了对实际地层Q值的估算,克服了实际地层Q值求不准的难点。同时,通过引入广义S变换作为分频函数,有效避免了常规分频函数对地震数据分频精度不高的问题。该方法能够有效补偿由于气云吸收衰减作用造成的能量衰减。实际气云区地震资料处理振幅补偿效果较好,具有一定的工业应用价值。The attenuation of seismic wave energy results in a large reflection“blank area”in the gas cloud area.It is difficult to accurately estimate the Q factor of the actual formation in the gas cloud area,which affects the compensation of the attenuation energy in the gas cloud area based on the Q factor inversion.In this paper,a compensation method in time-frequency domain based on generalized S-transform for seismic in gas cloud area is proposed.Firstly,the seismic data is divided into several frequency bands based on generalized S-transform.Secondly,the attenuation function of the seismic data is fitted corresponding to each frequency band.Finnally,the seismic amplitude compensation of each frequency band is compensated in the time-frequency domain respectively.This method avoids the estimation of the Q factor,which overcomes the difficulty of estimating accurate Q factor of the actual formation.Meanwhile,by introducing generalized S-transform as frequency-division function,the seismic data frequency division accuracy is effectively improved while comparing to that of conventional frequency-division function.Based on this method,seismic amplitude caused by gas cloud absorption and attenuation can be effectively compensated.This method is applied in real seismic data processing of gas cloud area,and it shows good amplitude compensation effect,which has certain industrial application value.

关 键 词：气云区 广义S变换 Q值 地震振幅补偿 

分 类 号：TE132.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]