齿盘式多行拔棉秆装置拔秆过程分析与参数优化  

Operation Process Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Dentate Disc Cotton-stalk Uprooting Mechanism

作　　者：陈明江 赵维松 王振伟 刘凯凯 陈永生 胡志超 CHEN Mingjiang;ZHAO Weisong;WANG Zhenwei;LIU Kaikai;CHEN Yongsheng;HU Zhichao(Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;Binzhou Agricultural Mechanization Science Research Institute,Binzhou 256601,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [2]滨州市农业机械化科学研究所,滨州256601

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第3期109-120,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51505242;51865058);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2017PT23);科技支疆项目(2018E02082);农业部现代农业装备重点实验室开放项目(201604001)

摘　　要：为解决拔棉秆机漏拔、拔断、拔净率低等问题,基于电液控制技术设计了齿盘式多行拔棉秆台架并开展试验研究。采用ADAMS软件进行齿盘式拔棉秆装置运动仿真分析进而揭示拔秆机理;利用试验台架的调速比模式和调转速模式,通过单因素和多因素试验研究齿盘圆周线速度、拖拉机前进速度及齿盘圆周线速度与拖拉机前进速度之比(以下简称速比)对棉秆拔净率、拔断率和漏拔率的影响。试验结果表明,调速比和调转速2种模式的齿盘式多行拔棉秆台架满足设计要求,可开展多种条件下拔棉秆试验研究;齿盘对棉秆起拔力大小、方向及夹持时间影响拔秆效果,棉秆被夹持时间小于起拔时间易导致棉秆断裂,一定程度上增大齿盘圆周线速度有助于减少漏拔;速比、齿盘圆周线速度对棉秆拔净率、漏拔率和拔断率均有极显著影响,其中速比是影响棉秆拔净率最关键因素;速比最佳范围为0. 55～0. 80,齿盘圆周线速度最佳范围为0. 24～1. 10 m/s;齿盘倾角为6°、拖拉机前进速度为0. 85 m/s、速比0. 75时,棉秆拔净率最高,为93. 89%,满足设计要求,此时拔断率为4. 43%,漏拔率为1. 68%。Cotton-stalk is an important renewable resource. With an annual output of 31. 5 million tons,China is rich in cotton-stalk,which has great potential economic benefits. Cotton-stalk uprooting is laborintensive and roller-type uprooter is not suitable for cotton planting patterns in China. Dentate disc cottonstalk uprooting device has good application prospect. Relevant research focused on cotton-stalk mechanical properties,uprooting force and uprooting device design,but lack of further research on cotton-stalk movement analysis and uprooting mechanism. It is urgent to carry out a deeper research on the technology and machinery of cotton-stalk uprooting. In order to solve the problem of omission,fracture and low pulling out rate of the cotton-stalk uprooting machine,a dentate disc multi-row cottonstalk uprooting device was designed based on the electrohydraulic control technology and corresponding tests were taken. ADAMS was used to simulate the movement of the device and further reveal the cottonstalk uprooting mechanism. Under two operation modes of the device( speed locking mode or speed ratio locking mode),univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis method were used to investigate the influence of dentate disc circumference speed,tractor forward speed and speed ratio( dentate disc circumference speed by tractor forward speed) on the omission,fracture and low pulling out rate of cotton-stalk. The results showed that the device could meet the design requirements which can carry out cotton-stalk uprooting test under various conditions. The magnitude, direction and duration of the uprooting force could affect the uprooting results. When the clamping time was less than the uprooting time,it would easily cause cotton-stalk fracturing. Increasing the dentate disc circumference speed would contribute to a low omission rate. Speed ratio and dentate disc circumference speed both had significant impact on the pulling out rate,omission rate and fracture rate of cotton-stalk. The speed ratio was the most critic

关 键 词：棉秆 拔棉秆机 齿盘式 变速比 优化设计 

分 类 号：S225.912[农业科学—农业机械化工程]