传统坩埚炼铁产品与工艺过程研究  

Experimental Analysis of Crucible Iron in Shanxi Province

作　　者：刘培峰[1] 潜伟 李延祥 LIU Peifeng;QIAN Wei;LI Yanxiang(Research Institute of History for Science and Technology,University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学科学技术史研究院,南京210044 [2]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2018年第4期448-460,共13页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"明清西南矿冶技术研究"(项目编号:51861135307);南京信息工程大学科学技术史研究院开放课题(项目编号:KJSYJ201811)

摘　　要：为解开山西传统坩埚铁的品质之谜,文章结合科学实验和前人成果综合分析了坩埚铁的组织、成分,并从冶铁原理的角度分析了反应过程及产品形成原因。山西传统坩埚铁含碳量不稳定:一步法坩埚铁的碳含量在1.3%～2.46%,部分属于钢,部分属于铁;两步法中第二步可以使产品的碳含量增加。除此之外,与竖炉生铁相比较,坩埚铁杂质较多,硫含量较高。成分的不稳定是由坩埚冶炼的反应过程可控性差这一特点决定的:由于是外部加热,坩埚内的还原温度较低;相对封闭的坩埚内,以H_2和CO为主要还原性气体,反应过程具有非连续性的特点;以煤为还原剂,故硫含量相对较高。从产品成分特征和反应原理看,坩埚炼铁属于古代的非高炉炼铁技术,与现代该类技术具有相同的应用背景。In order to solve the puzzle of traditional Shanxi crucible iron quality, this article combines the previous results of scientific experiments and a comprehensive analysis of the microstructure and the composition of crucible iron, and from the perspective of the principle of smelting iron , the reaction process and the reasons for product formation are analyzed. The carbon content of the iron in traditional crucibles in Shanxi is unstable, the carbon content of the one-step iron being between 1.3 and 2.46%, so a part is steel and a part is iron. The two step process can increase the carbon content. In addition, compared with pig iron from a shaft furnace, the crucible iron has more iron impurities and the sulfur content is higher. The instability of the composition is determined by the poor controllability of the reaction process of smelting: due to external heating, the reduction temperature in the crucible is low;in the relatively closed crucible, H2 and CO are the main reducing gases, and the reaction process is discontinuous;with coal as a reducing agent, the sulfur content is relatively high. From the characteristics of product composition and reaction principle, crucible iron-making is an ancient non-blast furnace ironmaking technology, which has the same application background as modern technology.

关 键 词：坩埚炼铁 实验分析 反应过程 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] TF01[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]