阿尔都塞对于资本主义法的批判和超越  

Althusser's Critique of Capitalist Law and the Possibility of Liberation

作　　者：徐克飞 Xu Kefei

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院价值与文化研究中心

出　　处：《哲学研究》2019年第3期43-52,128,共11页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"法国<泰凯尔>毛主义研究"(编号17BWW014)的研究成果

摘　　要：法是阿尔都塞思考的重要内容。他秉持一种政治司法主义的主张——法既是资本主义再生产的重要环节,也可以成为无产阶级获得解放的方式。他对于资本主义法的机制进行了批判:1.法掩盖了资本主义生产关系中的剥削问题,其主要手段是确定生产资料和产品的所有权、混淆劳动过程中的技术分工和社会分工、通过法的意识形态功能进行"正面"的诱导;2.法与国家联结为一体。法将统治阶级相对于被统治阶级的暴力"剩余"转化为合法的国家权力,国家权力又通过法将个人塑造成法律的主体并赋予其法律权利,其目的是为了资本主义生产关系的再生产。只有建立与社会主义生产关系相适应的无产阶级的法,人才能获得真正的解放,社会才能成为自我规范的自由人的联合体。Philosophy of law is an important component of Althusser's thought.He holds an idea of political legalism which claims that law is not only an important part of the reproduction of capitalism,but also a tool for proletarian liberation.Althusser offers his critique of capitalist law as follows:1)Law covers up the exploitation within capitalist relations of production,primarily by recognizing the property rights of the means of production and of the capitalist products,secondarily by confusing the technical division of labor inside the process of production with the social division of labor,and thirdly through the positive seduction of legal ideology.2)Law is integrated with the state,which means that law turns the“surplus”violence of the ruling class over the ruled class into legitimate state power,while state power then turns individuals into legal subjects endowed with certain legal rights in order to reproduce the capitalist relations of production.According to Althusser,genuine human liberation will be possible only when proletarian law compatible with the socialist relations of production is established;then,society will become a community of freely associating individuals.

关 键 词：法 生产关系 国家 再生产 人的解放 

分 类 号：B516.5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]