广西优良核桃单株果实品质差异及综合评价研究  

Quality Difference and Comprehensive Evaluation of Juglans regia Seedling Individuals in Guangxi Province

作　　者：黄晓露[1] 赵志珩[1] 李开祥[1] 廖健明[1] 蓝金宣[1] 陈晓明[1] 梁文汇[1] HUANG Xiao-lu;ZHAO Zhi-heng;LI Kai-xiang;LIAO Jian-ming;LAN Jin-xuan;CHEN Xiao-ming;LIANG Wen-hui(Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Characteristic Non-wood Forest Cultivation & Utilization,Guangxi Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西林业科学研究院广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第3期489-494,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目(桂科AA17204058-2);广西林业科技项目(桂林科字[2013]6号;桂林科字[2014]3号;桂林科字[2014]37号);广西林业科研与推广项目(gl2018kt12);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目([2016]TG01号)

摘　　要：【目的】对广西河池、百色地区11个县(区)81株核桃单株果实品质进行研究,为广西核桃优良单株的选择和良种选育提供参考依据。【方法】测定了不同核桃单株的果实性状和种仁营养成分含量,分析各品质性状之间的相关性,并采用主成分分析对核桃单株进行综合评价。【结果】不同核桃单株之间11个品质性状的变异系数范围为3.94%～22.77%,单果重、核壳厚度、油酸含量、硬脂酸含量和棕榈酸含量的变异系数达到10.00%以上,选择改良潜力较大。其中8号单株的单果重最大(17.40 g),75号单株的核壳厚度最小(0.80 mm),53号的油酸含量最高(37.80%),25号的棕榈酸含量最低(2.72%),65号的硬脂酸含量最低(2.10%)。通过主成分分析筛选出10个综合性状较优的单株,其中25、65、72、53、80、79和58号单株的特点为不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,饱和脂肪酸相对偏小。24号单株的三径、单果重较大,脂肪含量较高。21号单株的单果重、出仁率、脂肪和蛋白含量较高。【结论】在广西核桃优良品种选育工作中,可将综合性状较好的10个单株作为选育品种进行嫁接扩繁及应用,而单项性状表现优异的8个单株则适宜作为遗传资源进行品种改良研究。【Objective】To provide a reference for selective improved varieties of local plants, the qualities of 81 seedling individuals of Juglans regia from 11 counties in Guangxi Hechi and Baise regions were analyzed.【Method】Fruit characters and nutritional components of different Juglans regia seedling individuals were determined and correlation among the 11 quality characters were analyzed. On this basis, combined with principal component analysis result, qualities of 81 individuals tested were comprehensively evaluated.【Result】The coefficient of variation of 11 quality characters among different Juglans regia seedling individuals were 3.94 %-22.77 %. The variation coefficients of fruit weight, shell thickness, oleic acid content, stearic acid content and palmitic acid content were more than 10 %. The No.8 had the highest fruit weight(17.40 %), No.75 had the lowest shell thickness(0.80 mm), No.53 had the highest oleic acid content(37.80 %), No.25 had the lowest stearic acid content and No.65 had the lowest palmitic acid content. 10 superior individuals were screened synthetically by principal component analysis. Among them, No.25, 65, 72, 53, 80, 79 and 58 were characterized by high unsaturated fatty acid content and low saturated fatty acid content. No. 24 had higher fruit three-diameter, as well as weight and fat content. No. 21 had higher fruit weight, kernel rate, fat and protein content.【Conclusion】10 individuals with the best comprehensive characteristics can be used in the grafting propagation and variety breeding. 8 individuals with the best single characteristics can be used in the studies on genetic improvement.

关 键 词：核桃 坚果性状 营养成分 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]