英汉语小句间逻辑语义关系及表征方式对比研究  

A Contrastive Study of the Logico-semantic Relations and Their Representations between English and Chinese Clauses

作　　者：何伟 刘佳欢 HE Wei;LIU Jia-huan(The National Research Centre for Foreign Language Education,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《北京科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第2期1-17,共17页Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目子课题"汉外对比及外语学习者语言研究"(编号为16JJD740002);教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重大项目"英汉语功能句法结构数据库建设及研究"(编号为17JHQ008)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：文章从功能角度对英汉语小句间逻辑语义关系进行了对比研究,重在呈现英汉语小句间逻辑语义关系类别及其出现概率、词汇语法和逻辑顺序表征方式上的差异,从而揭示英汉之间在认知和思维上的不同。研究发现:在类别出现概率上,英语增强类关系使用较多,而汉语延展类关系使用较多;在词汇语法表征方式上,英语的逻辑语义关系多由逻辑标记词体现,而汉语主要是通过语义关系来蕴涵;在增强顺序表征方式上也不尽相同,英语习惯先结果后原因或条件,汉语正好相反;在表征延展顺序时,英语通常按照逻辑标记词的语义排列,汉语则根据先后顺序排列。造成这些差异的原因与不同民族的认知与心理相关,西方民族重逻辑推理,汉民族重悟性和直觉。This research contrasts the logico-semantic relations between English and Chinese clauses in the dimensions of types and representations of logico-semantic relations in order to reveal the differences between English and Chinese people in terms of cognition. The result shows that in terms of types of logico-semantic relations, in English the enhancement type is the most frequently used while in Chinese the extension type is the most frequently employed. And in English, the logico-semantic relations are often indicated by boundary markers while in Chinese, they are often implied by the semantic meanings between clauses. As for the representation of enhancement, reasons or conditions come after results in English while it is the other way round in Chinese. And as for the representation of extension, boundary markers play an important role in English, but temporal sequence is significant in Chinese. These differences can be attributed to different cognition and psychology between western and Chinese people. Western people lay emphasis on logical reasoning while Chinese on perception and intuition.

关 键 词：英语小句 汉语小句 逻辑语义关系 表征方式 民族认知 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]