职务犯罪调查中的检察引导问题研究  

A Study of the Procuratorial Guidance on the Investigation of Duty-Related Crimes

作　　者：李奋飞[1,2] Li Fenfei

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《比较法研究》2019年第1期28-40,共13页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD820016);中国人民大学科学研究基金持续支持项目(14XNJ003);中国人民大学法学院青年教师学术创新团队建设计划的支持

摘　　要：国家监察体制改革完成后,监察机关既承担着违纪违法的调查职责,也拥有了对职务犯罪的调查权,监察调查因被认为"不是侦查",使得职务犯罪的追诉呈现出一种全新的"调查—公诉"模式。该模式可能存在多种隐患,尤其是监察机关的刑事调查或将游离于"诉讼"之外,甚至有诱发"调查中心主义"的危险。要使"调查—公诉"模式得以优化升级,特别是在"以审判为中心"的统辖下,应考虑确立职务犯罪调查中的检察引导制度。作为公诉的准备活动,监察机关的刑事调查与公安机关的侦查一样,也是国家追诉犯罪机制的一个有机组成部分。要确保追诉能够取得成功,避免不必要的错误和疏漏,实现惩治腐败的有效性,应让检察机关介入监察机关的刑事调查,使其能够动态地了解整个刑事调查过程,并可以运用自己的诉讼经验,就证据的收集、固定、审查和运用向监察机关提出意见。尽管监察体制改革对检察机关的法律监督地位产生了重要影响,但这并不妨碍其通过提前介入、决定逮捕、退回补充调查、非法证据排除、不起诉等多种方式,来引导乃至监督监察机关的刑事调查。After the implementation of the reform of national supervisory system,supervisory organs not only bear the function of investigating violations of relevant discipline and law,but also have the legitimate right to investigate duty-related crimes.Because supervisory investigation is normally not considered as"Investigation",the prosecution of duty-related crimes presents a brand-new mode of"investigation to public prosecution."This mode is born with multiple hidden problems,for the criminal investigation of supervisory organs may fall out of the scope of"Litigation",and can even fall back to the"investigation-centered"situation.To optimize and upgrade the mode of"investigation to public prosecution",especially under the"trial-centered"background,the procuratorial guidance system shall be established for the investigation of duty-related crimes.As activities prepared for prosecution,the criminal investigation of supervisory organs should also be an organic component of the mechanism for the state to prosecute crimes,just like the investigation of public security organs.In order to make sure the prosecution can succeed,some unnecessary mistakes and omissions can be avoided,and the corruption can be tackled effectively,procuratorial organs shall be allowed to get involved in the criminal investigation of supervisory organs,so it can get hold of the entire process of criminal investigation dynamically,and utilize their litigation experience to make suggestions for supervisory organs on collecting,fixing,examining and using evidence.Although the reform of supervisory system has exerted significant influence on the legal supervision status of procuratorial organs,it can still guide and supervise the criminal investigation of supervisory organs by means of intervening in advance,deciding an arrest,returning a case for supplementary investigation,excluding illegally obtained evidence,making non-prosecution decisions,and so on.

关 键 词：“调查—公诉”模式 监察机关 检察机关 职务犯罪调查 引导调查取证 “以审判为中心” 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]