退役坝拆除现状及其影响研究进展综述  

Status of decommissioned dam removal and review of research progress on its effects

作　　者：高玉琴[1] 刘云苹 王怀志[1] 张泽宇[1] GAO Yuqin;LIU Yunping;WANG Huaizhi;ZHANG Zeyu(College of Water Conservancy & Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2018年第6期133-139,共7页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51309076);中央高校业务费科技前瞻性研究专项(2014B05814);江苏省优势创新平台项目(3014-SYS1401)

摘　　要：我国降等与报废水库逐年增加,大坝退役拆除成为必然趋势。针对退役坝拆除问题,从各国拆坝数量、拆坝地区分布、拆坝原因和拆坝相关政策入手,对国内外大坝拆除现状进行分析总结,并对拆坝后对生态环境和社会经济产生的影响进行综述。研究发现国内外关于拆坝影响研究多为定性分析,缺少定量分析和一套切实可行的计算方法,且多为单因素研究,缺乏综合影响因素评估分析。由此展望未来的拆坝影响研究中应由定性分析向定量分析转变,并耦合水动力、泥沙、生物响应、水生环境等多方面因素,构建拆坝影响的综合评估体系。It is an inevitable trend that the decommissioned dam will be demolished as the degraded and abandoned reservoirs increased year by year.Considering the removal problem of the retired dam,starting from the number of the dam to dismantle in various countries,dam region distribution,the reasons for dam removal and the relevant policies,,the current situation of dam demolition at home and abroad is analyzed and summarized,and the the impact on ecological environment and social economy after dam removal is summarized.It is found that there is a lack of quantitative analysis and a feasible calculation method.Moreover,it is a single factor study,lacking comprehensive impact factor assessment and analysis.Therefore,it is expected that the future research on the impact of dam removal should be changed from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis,and coupled with various factors such as hydrodynamics,sediment,biological response and aquatic environment,a comprehensive evaluation system for the impact of dam removal will be constructed.

关 键 词：大坝退役 拆坝现状 生态影响 社会经济影响 研究进展 

分 类 号：TV698.2[水利工程—水利水电工程] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]