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作 者:张彭松[1] Zhang Pengsong
机构地区:[1]黑龙江大学哲学学院
出 处:《江西社会科学》2019年第1期5-12,254,共9页Jiangxi Social Sciences
基 金:国家社科基金项目"现代性视角下中国公民道德建设研究"(17BKS120)
摘 要:生态伦理思想探究自然的内在价值,论证人与自然之间的伦理关系,为保护自然提供道德根据。然而,基于对人与自然整体性认识与实践的生态伦理思想,却被定性为"自然中心主义",成为牺牲人类利益与幸福的"环境法西斯主义",陷入缺失人文价值的道德责难。究其原因,生态伦理探究常常受制于或限定在"现代性"道德框架内的规范伦理范畴,无法进入超越"现代性"道德展开的人类社会发展和伦理文化传承的历史视野中考察,遮蔽了生态伦理思想原本应该具有的人文精神与幸福之维。通过对现代社会"幸福悖论"的伦理反思,并借助于生态文学、生态心理学,生态伦理沿着精神生态的价值凸显与幸福之维的内在指引,寻求以德配享幸福的伦理信念和道德实践。因之,生态伦理思想就不能止于生态价值论的外显层面,而要深入人类社会的"内部自然",唤醒或激活人与自然天然联结的"生态潜意识",探寻人对待自然的"环境美德",获得精神生态的内在平衡,逐步达到社会生活中消费适度、精神自足的生态幸福。Ecological ethics explores the intrinsic value of nature,demonstrates the ethical relationship between man and nature,provides moral grounds for the protection of nature.However,based on the understanding and practice concerning the integrity of man and nature,the ecological ethics is improperly identified as"natural centralism",or even be taken as"environmental fascism"which sacrifices interests and happiness of human beings and falls into moral blame for the absence of human values.The reason lies in the exploration of ecological ethics is often restricted within the framework of"modernity"morality,so that it cannot be examined from the historical perspective of human society development and ethical,cultural inheritance beyond"modernity"morality,making the humanistic spirit and happiness dimension of ecological ethical thought covered.Through the ethical reflection on the paradox of happiness in modern society,and with the help of ecological literature and ecological psychology,ecological ethics,this paper seeks ethical beliefs and moral practice of happiness in accord with virtue along with the intrinsic guidance of the value of spiritual ecology and the dimension of happiness.Consequently,ecological ethics can not be confined to the explicit level of ecological axiology,but should go deep into the"internal nature"of human society,awaken or activate the"ecological subconsciousness"of the inartificial link between human and nature,explore the"environmental virtues"of human beings in dealing with nature,obtain the internal balance of spiritual ecology and gradually achieve the ecological happiness of moderate consumption and spiritual self-sufficiency in social life.
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