病理性近视研究进展  

Recent advances in pathological myopia

作　　者：徐捷[1] 徐亮[1] Xu Jie;Xu Liang(Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology,Beijing Tongren Eye Center,Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Scences,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100005,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院、北京同仁眼科中心、北京市眼科研究所眼科学与视觉科学北京市重点实验室,100005

出　　处：《国际眼科纵览》2019年第1期8-13,共6页International Review of Ophthalmology

摘　　要：病理性近视已成为华人首位致盲眼病,病理性近视的典型眼底病变包括豹纹状眼底、漆裂纹、弥漫性或片状萎缩、脉络膜新生血管、黄斑萎缩、后巩膜葡萄肿等.其中后巩膜葡萄肿和眼球变形是威胁视力的重要并发症,监测视盘周边的萎缩弧、脉络膜视网膜萎缩病灶或漆裂纹做为病理性近视早期评估手段具有重要意义.教育压力增加、近距离工作增加等环境因素为主要的致病因素,阿托品局部治疗和增加户外活动时间是行之有效的预防方法.对于已经发生高度近视的患者,巩膜加固术、胶原交联法是可能的有效延缓病情的手段.Pathological myopia has become the leading cause of blindness in Chinese.Typical fundus changing of pathological myopia includes fundus tessellation,lacquer cracks,diffuse chorioretinal atrophy,patchy chorioretinal atrophy,choroidal neovascularization,macular atrophy,and posterior scleral staphyloma.Posterior staphyloma and eye deformity are important causes of developing vision-threatening complications.Monitoring the parapapillary,chorioretinal atrophic lesions or lacquer cracks is of great significance as an early assessment method of pathological myopia.Environmental factors such as increased educational pressure and near work are the main pathogenic factors.Local atropine therapy and increased outdoor activity time are effective prevention method.For patients with high myopia,posterior scleral reinforcement and scleral collagen cross-linking are possible and effective means to delay progression.

关 键 词：近视眼 发病机制 防控 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]